unit 4 - Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 1

Takes in air contains oxygen and enables carbon dioxide to be removed from the body.

Question 2

How is air moved in and out of the lungs?

Answer 2

The brain sends nerve messages to the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm to trigger inhalation and nerve message stops for expiration.

Question 3

What do the ribs do when breathing in?

Answer 3

The muscles between the ribs contract which pulls rib cage upwards and outward.

Question 4

What are the two types of intercostal muscles?

Answer 4

Internal and external intercostal muscles.

Question 5

What did the intercostal muscles do when we breath in?

Answer 5

The external intercostal muscles assist the lungs by raising the ribs and expanding the chest cavity.

Question 6

What are the external intercostal muscles?

Answer 6

Small muscles that are located in between each rib.

Question 7

What does the diaphragm do when breathing in?

Answer 7

Contracts and moves downwards.

Question 8

What is the role of the alveoli?

Answer 8

The site of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal.

Question 9

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 9

Closes when we swallow to prevent food particles entering the trachea.

Question 10

What is the role of the trachea?

Answer 10

Classed as the wind pipe where its opening is protected from food particles by a flap called the epiglottis.

Question 11

What is the role of the larynx?

Answer 11

It’s at the top of the trachea and contains the vocal cords. It connects the back of the nose and the trachea, forming an air passage to the lungs.

Question 12

What is mucus?

Answer 12

A sticky fluid that traps dirt particles and bacteria.

Question 13

What’s cilia?

Answer 13

Microscopic hairs that move back and forwards which move mucus back up the throat where we swallow them.

Question 14

What does your diaphram do when breathing out?

Answer 14

Relaxes and moves upwards to reduce the space in chest cavity. Therefore decreases the size of chest to push air out of the lungs.

Question 15

What do the intercostal muscles do when breathing out?

Answer 15

Relax so the ribs move inwards and downwards under their own weight. Decreases size of chest so air is forced out of lungs.

Question 16

What makes the alveoli efficient?

Answer 16

Large surface area
Thins walls- one cell think to allow for diffusion to capillaries.
Inner surfaces coated with water to allow oxygen to dissolve.

Question 17

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 17

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 18

What is the purpose of respiration?

Answer 18

To convert glucose into ATP.

Question 19

What is ATP?

Answer 19

A chemical which is a useable form of energy. It is formed from the molecule called ADP.
ATP is quickly bonded so easily broken down so enables the release of energy quickly.

Question 20

What is stage 1 of respiration?

Answer 20

This is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid. It occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Pyruvic acid is then transported into the mitochondria.

Question 21

What’s stage 2 of respiration?

Answer 21

The citric acid cycle. This is where ATP is generated and takes place in mitochondria.

Question 22

What’s stage 3 of respiration?

Answer 22

Takes place in the wall of the mitochondria and requires oxygen. It’s called the electron transport chain and causes aerobic respiration. produces more ATP as well as carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Question 23

Where is the site for gas exchange in the lungs?

Answer 23

Alveoli

Question 24

What’s the function of the alveoli?

Answer 24

Site of gas exchange

Question 25

What are the adaptations of the alveoli for effective diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Answer 25

Large surface area Walls of alveoli are very thin Inner surfaces are coated with a thin layer of water that allows oxygen to dissolve before travelling through walls of alveoli.

Question 26

Why do alveoli have a large surface area?

Answer 26

Large amounts of gas exchange can occur.

Question 27

Why do alveoli have thin walls?

Answer 27

Minimal distance for gases to pass through.

Question 28

What happens when oxygen enters the blood and combines with haemoglobin?

Answer 28

Creates oxyhaemoglobin

Question 29

What are the respiratory malfunctions that can occur in our respiratory system?

Answer 29

Asthma Emphysema Cystic Fibrosis

Question 30

What is the cause of asthma?

Answer 30

Individuals have certain triggers which will cause the bronchi of the lungs to to become inflamed and narrow as the muscles contract. Also a production of mucus.

Question 31

Whatis the result of an individual having their bronchi inflammed?

Answer 31

Can cause them to start wheezing giving a shortness of breath and a tight chest.

Question 32

What causes an asthma attack?

Answer 32

When symptoms of asthma become severe, it creates a prolonged episode.

Question 33

What are the symptoms of an asthma attack?

Answer 33

There will be a reduced amount of air reaching the lungs. Their lips and fingers might turn blue.

Question 34

What are the risk factors that increase an individual's chance of developing an asthma attack?

Answer 34

cigarette smoke atmospheric pollution exercise stress

Question 35

What type of respiratory illnesses group is emphysema in?

Answer 35

called COPD known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 36

What does COPD stand for?

Answer 36

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 37

What respiratory illness is grouped into the COPD group?

Answer 37

Emphysema

Question 38

What is emphysema caused by?

Answer 38

By long-term smoking

Question 39

How does long term smoking affect developing emphysema short term?

Answer 39

chemicals in the smoke paralyses the lung cleaning cilia and eventually kills them, leading to a build up in mucus. This increased infections as there's more pathogens in the lungs.

Question 40

How does long term smoking affect developing emphysema longer term?

Answer 40

Continued exposure also inflames the alveoli which decreases the efficiency of the lungs as these tissues collapse. It becomes difficult therefore to obtain any oxygen.

Question 41

What is emphysema?

Answer 41

damage to the air sacs in the lungs

Question 42

What are the symptoms of emphysema?

Answer 42

Shortness of breath Persistent chesty cough and wheezing

Question 43

What are the treatments for emphysema?

Answer 43

Stop smoking inhalers medicines surgery or lung transplant

Question 44

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 44

A rare inherited genetic condition that causes breathing and digestive problems.

Question 45

What is cystic fibrosis caused by?

Answer 45

A defective gene on one of our chromosomes as they come in pairs. This means that individuals parents carried a copy of the defected gene and passed it on.

Question 46

What is the chance of a parent passing on the defected gene

Answer 46

25%

Question 47

What cystic fibrosis produce?

Answer 47

Produces really thick and sticky mucus which blocks the bronchioles and prevents efficient movement of gases.

Question 48

What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 48

coughing Repeated chest infections Increased salt in sweat

Question 49

What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 49

Medicines such as antibiotics for chest infections. Physiotherapy for breathing.