unit 4- The Digestive System

Question 1

Where does the digestive system begin?

Answer 1

Buccal cavity

Question 2

What is the digestive system?

Answer 2

It is a long tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus.

Question 3

Where do we first put our food when eating?

Answer 3

In our mouth, also known as the buccal cavity.

Question 4

What is the buccal cavity?

Answer 4

Our mouth.

Question 5

Where does saliva come from?

Answer 5

Salivary glands

Question 6

What is the role of the saliva?

Answer 6

It helps to moisten the food, making it easier to swallow, as it helps to break down the food.

Question 7

Where are the saliva glands located?

Answer 7

Under the tongue and in the cheeks.

Question 8

When we swallow food, where does it pass before travelling down the oesophagus?

Answer 8

The epiglottis

Question 9

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 9

A muscular tube that allows the broken down food to enter the stomach.
It is squeezed by muscles.

Question 10

What is the action called where food is squeezed down the oesophagus by muscles?

Answer 10

Peristalsis

Question 11

What is the stomach?

Answer 11

A muscular sack which churns our food around and starts to chemically alter the protein in our diet.

Question 12

Where will food enter once chemically altered in the stomach?

Answer 12

The small intestines.

Question 13

Wil food still be chemically altered in the small intestines?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What fluid chemically alters our diet in the small intestines?

Answer 14

Bile

Question 15

Where is bile produced?

Answer 15

In the liver

Question 16

Where is bile stored?

Answer 16

Gallbladder

Question 17

Where’s the second location that altered foods will pass through when in the small intestines?

Answer 17

The ileum.

Question 18

What is the ileum covered with?

Answer 18

small finger like projections called villi

Question 19

What is villi?

Answer 19

They are small finger like projections that cover the ileum which contain blood vessels.
Once the nutrients are small enough they can be picked up by the blood to be used in the body.

Question 20

What is left in the small intestines after the blood vessels in the villi have collected the nutrients?

Answer 20

water and food substances that we are unable to break down.

Question 21

Where will water and food substances that we are unable to break down in the small intestines move to?

Answer 21

The large intestines where most of the water will be taken back into the blood.

Question 22

Where’s the dried out remains of our food and dead bacteria faeces stored?

Answer 22

In the rectum

Question 23

Where will waste eventually be expeled from?

Answer 23

The anus

Question 24

What is the anus?

Answer 24

A muscular tub that will expel waste from.

Question 25

What substance changes food into forms that can be absorbed by the blood in our digestive system?

Answer 25

Enzymes

Question 26

What is enzymes changing our foods into forms that can be dissolved into our blood called?

Answer 26

Chemical digestion

Question 27

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 27

When enzymes change food into forms that can be dissolved into our blood, used by the body.

Question 28

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 28

It starts when we chew food, making it small enough to swallow. Most takes place in the stomach when muscles in the wall churn our food around, breaking it into small pieces.

Question 29

What do we see when we throw up?

Answer 29

Chyme

Question 30

What is chyme?

Answer 30

The fluid we see when we vomit, which helps us to break food into small pieces.

Question 31

What enzyme breaks down starch?

Answer 31

Amylase

Question 32

What does starch turn to when it is broken down?

Answer 32

Maltose

Question 33

What is the enzyme that breaks down fats?

Answer 33

Lipase

Question 34

What do fats turn into when broken down?

Answer 34

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 35

What does the chemical change of food start by in the mouth?

Answer 35

Saliva

Question 36

What is the adaptation of the villi for effective use?

Answer 36

The villi of the ileum wall increases the surface area so that many nutrients as possible are absorbed.

Question 37

What does each villi contain?

Answer 37

Blood capillaries and a central vessel called the lacteal.

Question 38

What is the lacteal in a villi connected to?

Answer 38

The lymphatic system

Question 39

Where will products of digestion go after entering the blood?

Answer 39

They will enter the blood and will travel along the hepatic portal vein which carries them to the liver. This is instead of taken around the body to the heart.

Question 40

How many functions does the liver carry out?

Answer 40

over 500 different functions

Question 41

What are the digestive malfunctions?

Answer 41

IBS gallstones Coeliac disease

Question 42

What does IBS stand for?

Answer 42

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 43

What is the cause of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer 43

When the muscles of the gut alter their normal rhythms.

Question 44

What are the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer 44

alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhoea abdominal pain bloating indigestion

Question 45

What are contributing factors to IBS?

Answer 45

stress dietary triggers such as alcohol, caffeine, fried food and chocolate.

Question 46

What are the treatments for IBS?

Answer 46

Cook homemade meals which are less fatty. Exercise more frequently Try different medications for diarrhoea or constipation.

Question 47

What is the type of medicine used to treat diarrhoea?

Answer 47

imodium

Question 48

What is the type of medicine used to treat constipation?

Answer 48

laxitives

Question 49

What tests will the doctors do to investigate whether you have IBS?

Answer 49

Blood tests Take a sample of poo to check it for any infections

Question 50

Where do gallstones form?

Answer 50

In the gallbladder

Question 51

Why do gallstones form?

Answer 51

Due to an imbalance in the composition of bile.

Question 52

How do gallstones form?

Answer 52

High levels of cholesterol and bilirubin result in the formation of crystals that grow to form gallstones. They stick to the bile ducts and cause pain and discomfort.

Question 53

How big can gallstones range in size?

Answer 53

From specks to pebbles

Question 54

What are the symptoms of gallstones?

Answer 54

severe abdominal pain loss of appetite jaundice

Question 55

When is abdominal pain the mot severe for gallstones?

Answer 55

When bile is released after a fatty meal.

Question 56

What are the risk factors of gallstones?

Answer 56

being female overweight IBS over 40 years old

Question 57

What are the treatments for gallstones?

Answer 57

Key hole surgery to remove the gallbladder. Medicines Lithotripsy- a laser that dissolves the gallstones.

Question 58

What is a lithotripsy?

Answer 58

Helps to treat gallstones by using high frequency sound waves to vibrate apart solid objects like gallstones.

Question 59

What type of disease is coeliac disease?

Answer 59

An autoimmune disease

Question 60

How is coeliac disease an autoimmune disease?

Answer 60

A protein called gluten triggers an immune response which creates the ileum wall in the villi being destroyed.

Question 61

What foods can we find gluten in?

Answer 61

Pasta bread cakes

Question 62

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

Answer 62

abdominal pain bloating diarrhoea and weight loss due to the poor absorption of nutrients

Question 63

Why is there a poor absorption of nutrients for coeliac disease?

Answer 63

as the villi becomes flattened so reduced absorption

Question 64

What is the treatment for coeliac disease?

Answer 64

Exclude foods that contain gluten in your diet.