Unit 4 Review

Question 1

Major states

Answer 1

Portugal, Spain, Spain, Great Britain, Netherlands

Question 2

Portugal

Answer 2

sponsored by the royal family
wanted to get to India without the Ottoman Empire taxing them
wanted to make the monarchy of their country richer

Question 3

Spain

Answer 3

Discovered Americas by trying to get to the Indian Ocean and India

Question 4

France, England, Netherlands

Answer 4

exploration of north america
england : 13 colonies
france : new france in canada
dutch : dutch east india company

Question 5

Reason

Answer 5

Explorers wanted access to Indian spices with shortcuts, but if on land they would have to pay high taxes

Question 6

Motives fir exploration

Answer 6

God - spread of Christianity
Gold - material wealth (mercantilism)
Glory - Rivalry between monarchs

Question 7

Columbian exchange

Answer 7

food and animals
new world : potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, turkey
old world : coffee, sugar, citrus, cows, pigs, horses, chicken, many diseases

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

Population in americas decreased, population in europe increased

Question 9

How did states build and expand their various empires

Answer 9

Conquering native empires with gunpowder and weapons.

labor

Question 10

How did they maintain their rule

Answer 10

Viceroyalty system in Spain
coerced labor
encomienda - tribute collected from the conquered people in the newly conquered Spanish land
repartimiento - allowed certain colonists to recruit indigenous peoples for forced labour
Social hierarchy

Question 11

Continuity over this period

Answer 11

slave labor

Question 12

Changes

Answer 12

Americas isolated become interconnected
Aztecs and Incas fall to Spanish
Columbian exchange bring countries together for trade

Question 13

Social structure in spanish colonies

Answer 13

people from spain
children of ^
mixed european and native
mixed european and africa
native americans
enslaved africans