Unit 4 Review

Question 1

What are 3 of Earth’s layers?

Answer 1

1. Continental & Oceanic Crust
2. Lithosphere (Plate Tectonics)
3. Asthenosphere

Question 2

What do the Earth’s layers do?

Answer 2

Move energy and matter, convention cycle

Question 3

What are the roles of tectonic plates?

Answer 3

They shape the planet based on how they interact

Question 4

What are the different ways plate tectonics interact with each other?

Answer 4

1. Convergent
2. Divergent
3. Transform

Question 5

What do convergent interactions cause?

Answer 5

• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes
• Formation of mountains

Question 6

What do divergent interactions cause?

Answer 6

• Earthquakes
• Magma rising, forming new crust

Question 7

What do transform interactions cause?

Answer 7

• Earthquakes
• Breaking of rock

Question 8

What occurs in a convention cycle?

Answer 8

Heat generated in core, rises to asthenosphere, causes movement of tectonic plates

Question 9

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?

Answer 9

Volcanos along border of Pacific Plate, where most volcanos in the world are

Question 10

What is soil composed of?

Answer 10

Organic and Inorganic matter
- Nutrients
- Chemical elements
- Air
- Water
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Living Organisms

Question 11

What components of the soil create humus?

Answer 11

Bacteria, Fungi, and living organisms

Question 12

What is humus?

Answer 12

Dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays, nutrient rich

Question 13

What is soil Texture?

Answer 13

The ratio of the 3 different types of rock present in soil

Question 14

What are the 3 core types of rock present in soil?

Answer 14

1. Sand
2. Silt
3. Clay

Question 15

What are the 4 main functions of soil?

Answer 15

1. Habitat for organisms
2. Production of organic matter
3. Sustaining plant life
4. Water retention

Question 16

What is weathering?

Answer 16

The breaking of materials due to external or internal forces

Question 17

What is erosion?

Answer 17

The movement of broken down materials

Question 18

What is deposition?

Answer 18

The accumulation of broken down materials

Question 19

How does soil form?

Answer 19

1. Weathering of rock
2. Pioneering simple organisms enter
3. Layers of soil form - organic, mineral, and parent material
4. Greater plant growth

Question 20

What are factors affecting soil formation?

Answer 20

• Type of rock
• Topography
• Climatological conditions
• Living organisms present
• Time

Question 21

What are the 5 layers of soil?

Answer 21

1. Organic Layer - plants
2. Topsoil - humus
3. Subsoil - weathered rocks, clay material
4. Substratum - rock material

Question 22

What causes soil degredation?

Answer 22

• Loss of topsoil
• Compaction
• Nutrient depletion
• Human impact

Question 23

What does glucose rich soil produce?

Answer 23

CaCo3, calcium carbonate

Question 24

What is sand?

Answer 24

Weather and eroded coral reef

Question 25

What is silt?

Answer 25

Feltspar and quartz

Question 26

What is clay?

Answer 26

Iron, phosphorous, silicates, calcium

Question 27

What are properties of sand?

Answer 27

- Large particle size - High permeability - High porosity - Low holding capacity

Question 28

What are properties of silt?

Answer 28

- Medium particle size - Lower permeability - Lower porosity - High holding capacity

Question 29

What are properties of clay?

Answer 29

- Small particle size - Low permeability - High porosity - High holding capacity

Question 30

What is porosity?

Answer 30

Holes and pores between particles

Question 31

What is permeability?

Answer 31

The ability of water to flow through pores

Question 32

What is holding capacity?

Answer 32

Water retention

Question 33

What is soil texture?

Answer 33

Ratio of 3 different typed of rock

Question 34

What makes a fertile soil?

Answer 34

Nutrients, water, and decomposers

Question 35

Why does clay retain a lot of nutrients?

Answer 35

Soil macronutrients are mostly positively charged and clay is mostly negatively charged

Question 35

Why does sand maintain pH levels?

Answer 35

Sand is composed of carbonates which are alkaline (have a pH higher than 7)

Question 36

What are factors that reduce fertility?

Answer 36

An imbalance of acidity, permeability, porosity Along with poor topsoil structure, agriculture, monoculture

Question 37

What causes soil erosion?

Answer 37

Wind, water, gravity, human impacts,

Question 38

What is percolation?

Answer 38

The movement of water into the ground

Question 39

What is infiltration?

Answer 39

The movement of ions of chemicals through percolation

Question 40

What primarily causes air circulation on Earth?

Answer 40

The rotation of the Earth

Question 41

What is the Coriolis effect?

Answer 41

Result of Earth's rotation on weather patterns, causes storms in the Southern hemisphere turn clockwise, and storms in the Northern hemisphere turn anticlockwise