Unit 4 Test - Amy's Class

Question 1

Define alveolar ventilation

Answer 1

The volume of air that ventilates perfused alveoli and takes part in gas excahnge

Question 2

Define deadspace unit

Answer 2

Ventilation without perfusion

Question 3

Give an example of a deadspace unit

Answer 3

Pulmonary embolism

Question 4

List some things that will cause deadspace to increase

Answer 4

Positive pressure ventilation, pressure in the thorax, pulmonary embolism

Question 5

To calculate VD anatomical what parameter will you need?

Answer 5

Its weight in pounds

Question 6

What is normal VT/VD in a healthy adult?

Answer 6

33%

Question 7

A VD/VT of .06 (60%) usually requires

Answer 7

Mechanical ventilation

Question 8

What affect does increase deadspace have on CO2?

Answer 8

It increases it

Question 9

To determine if a patient has a pulmonary emboli, the respiratory therapist should evaluate

Answer 9

VD/VT, V/Q scan

Question 10

Define a shunt unit

Answer 10

Perfusion without ventilation

Question 11

List causes of a shunt

Answer 11

Atelectasis, pneumothorax, pneumonia, ARDS

Question 12

What is normal anatomical shunting?

Answer 12

2-5%

Question 13

Define intrapulmonary shunting

Answer 13

Blood going from the right side of the heart to the left side without participating in gas exchange

Question 14

What veins contribute to normal anatomical shunting?

Answer 14

Thebesian, bronchial, pleural

Question 15

What is the clinical use of the shunt calculation?

Answer 15

Differentiate causes of hypoxemia, assessment of spontaneous ventilatory capabilities in mechanically ventilated patients, assessment of intrapulmonary shunting

Question 16

A-a gradients are used to determine:

Answer 16

Amount of intrapulmonary shunting

Question 17

5% shunt

Answer 17

Normal

Question 18

40% shunt

Answer 18

Usually requires aggressive cardiopulmonary support

Question 19

25% shunt

Answer 19

May result in ventilatory failure

Question 20

18% shunt

Answer 20

Represents minor pulmonary disease

Question 21

15% shunt

Answer 21

Represents minor pulmonary disease

Question 22

What does “Qt” stand for

Answer 22

Total cardiac output

Question 23

What does “CcO2” stand for

Answer 23

Capillary oxygen content

Question 24

What does “CvO2” stand for

Answer 24

Mixed venous oxygen content

Question 25

What does “Qs” stand for

Answer 25

Shunted cardiac output

Question 26

What does “Qc” stand for

Answer 26

Capillary cardiac output

Question 27

What does “PAO2” stand for

Answer 27

Alveolar oxygen partial pressure

Question 28

What does “CaO2” stand for

Answer 28

Arterial oxygen content

Question 29

What does “PaO2” stand for

Answer 29

Arterial oxygen partial pressure

Question 30

What does “VO2” stand for

Answer 30

Volume of O2 consumed per minute

Question 31

What is the best indication of adequate alveolar ventilation?

Answer 31

PaCO2

Question 32

A patient with a PaCO2 of 60 torr would be ____

Answer 32

Hypoventilating

Question 33

How would you treat someone who is hyperventilating?

Answer 33

Increase the minute ventilation

Question 34

What is the equation called that measures cardiac output?

Answer 34

Fick equation

Question 35

What is normal cardiac output?

Answer 35

4-8 lpm

Question 36

CO2 diffuses how many times faster than O2?

Answer 36

19

Question 37

What is the best way to decrease intrapulmonary shunting?

Answer 37

Add PEEP