Unit 4 Topic 2 PART 1 Flashcards
How does DNA manipulation alter an organisms DNA?
By adding new DNA or editing the existing DNA.
What does DNA manipulation (also called genetic engineering) involve?
The direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology.
How is DNA manipulation achieved?
The introduction of new DNA into an organism or by editing its existing DNA.
What is human insulin used for?
Used for the treatment of diabetic patients.
How is human insulin produced?
By inserting the insulin gen into bacteria and yeast.
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
Its purpose is to separate DNA, RNA or proteins according to their molecular size.
What is the purpose of Polymerase (PCR) chain reaction
Used as a laboratory technique for the rapid production (amplification) of millions or billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA. This allows it to be studied in greater detail.
How is recombinant DNA produced?
(rDNA) is produced by 1st isolating (or synthesising) a DNA sequence. It is then inserted into the genome of a different organisms.
Name 2 important tools used to create rDNA:
Endonucleases ( e.g restriction enzymes of the CRISPR system).
What do endonucleases do?
Cut the DNA
What is the role of DNA ligase?
Join the sections of DNA together
Definition of a restriction enzyme?
An enzyme that cuts a double stranded DNA molecule at a specific recognition site (DNA sequences).
What is a homozygous genotype?
Organisms that possess a genotype of identical alleles for a specific trait or phenotype.
Heterozygous definition?
Organisms hat possess the same alleles for a particular trait.
What is a point mutation?
A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA code.
