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AP human geo > unit 4 vocab > Flashcards

unit 4 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Antecedent boundary

A

a border that has divided people since before history was written

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1
Q

Apartheid

A

a harsh system of racial segregation enforced in South Africa from 1948 - 1994

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2
Q

Autonomous region

A

an area of a country that has degree of autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority.

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3
Q

Balance of power

A

when competing forces (or countries) come to a level where no single one is strong enough to dominate the others

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4
Q

Balkanization

A

the process of a country breaking into smaller pieces that are hostile to each other

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5
Q

Boundary

A

a border that separates administrative units such as countries or provinces

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6
Q

Centrifugal forces

A

a cultural trait that divides people within a country

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7
Q

Centripetal force

A

a cultural trait that adds to the unity of a country

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8
Q

Chokepoint

A

a strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region

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9
Q

Colonialism

A

when a more powerful country acquires full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically

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10
Q

Consequent boundary

A

a type of subsequent boundary that tries to divide the existing groups of people between two countries

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11
Q

Demilitarized zone

A

an area previously in conflict from which weapons and military forces have been removed

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12
Q

Democracy

A

a form of government in which the ultimate power rests with the people

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13
Q

Democratization

A

when a government makes changes to give all citizens have a greater voice in the country

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14
Q

Devolution

A

a national government allowing a regional government to more power to self govern

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15
Q

Electoral college

A

the system used in American presidential elections that assigns a number of votes to states by population. It encourages candidates to not only focus on populated areas

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16
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

a powerful ethnic group pushing aside a weaker one to create an area with only their ethnicity, can lead to genocide

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17
Q

Ethnonationalism

A

the desire of an ethnic community to have absolute authority over its own political, economic, and social affairs

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18
Q

Ethnicity

A

a group of people (often of the same race) who have a shared culture; the cultural component of race

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19
Q

Failed state

A

a country where the government has become so weak it has lost
control and can no longer provide basic government functions

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20
Q

Federal

A

a country where the national government is strong and the regional governments are also strong so the share power

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21
Q

Frontier

A

a zone (instead of a traditional line) that separates two states with neither state having control

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22
Q

Genocide

A

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group

23
Q

Geometric boundary

A

a border that is a straight line and drawn without taking into
account the physical and cultural features of the land

24
Q

Gerrymandering

A

redrawing voting district boundaries to benefit one political party over another

25
Q

Ghetto

A

a neighborhood where an ethic minority is forced to live by law or circumstances

26
Q

Imperialism

A

when one country dominates colonies far from their home country and often imposes their culture on them

27
Q

Independence movement

A

people that are trying to gain political independence for some area that they think should be its own country

28
Q

Irredentism

A

a movement to reclaim land by a group who feels they have a claim on that land

29
Q

Maritime boundary

A

the extensions of a country’s territory that extend into the oceans around them

30
Q

Monarchy

A

a country ruled by a king or queen

31
Q

Multinational state

A

a country that has substantial amounts of more than one ethnicity

32
Q

Multistate nation

A

a nation that controls at least one country but that a substantial portion of that group lives in an adjacent country

33
Q

Nation

A

a group of people that share a common culture/ethnicity

34
Q

Nationalism

A

loyalty to a nation even over allegiance to country, often seen as patriotism taken to an extreme

35
Q

Nation-state

A

a country where the vast majority of the people are of the same ethnicity (nationality)

36
Q

Neocolonialism

A

gaining indirect control of another country through economic or
cultural pressures (as opposed to colonisalism which generally
used military power)

37
Q

race

A

the physical differences between groups of people, especially their skin color

38
Q

Redistricting

A

in the United States, after each census redrawing voting districts due to population changes

39
Q

Relic boundary

A

a former border between countries that can still be detected on the cultural landscape

40
Q

Republic

A

a system of government that places the power on the people
through their elected leaders and which the executive is elected, not a monarch

41
Q

Self determination

A

the idea that nations should rule themselves instead of being controlled by others

42
Q

Semiautonomous region

A

an area inside of a country that has some power to control itself
more than other areas in the country

43
Q

Separatist movement

A

a group advocating for independence for a nation inside a state

44
Q

Shatterbelt

A

a region caught between stronger colliding external forces, under persistent stress, often fragmented by aggressive rivals

45
Q

Sovereignty

A

the ability of a country to govern itself without outside influence

46
Q

State

A

a country that has sovereignty (not what we think of in the United States!)

47
Q

Stateless nation

A

a nationality that does not have a country and isn’t the majority in any country in which they reside

48
Q

Subsequent boundary

A

a border drawn after an area is settled

49
Q

Superimposed boundary

A

a boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape which ignores pre-existing cultural patterns

50
Q

Supranationalism

A

two or more countries joining together for a common puporse such as economics or defense

51
Q

Territoriality

A

the perceived connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land

52
Q

Terrorism

A

using violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims

53
Q

Theocracy

A

when a country is ruled by religious leaders

54
Q

unitary state

A

a country where the national government is strong and the regional governments are weak

AP human geo (4 decks)

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