unit 5 Flashcards by Aditya Aidan Rastogi

what is the internet

huge public network of computer systems
allows for the flow of information between devices
made up of computers, servers, switches and routers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the world wide web

the collection of resources that exist on the internet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a URL(Uniform resource locator)

they are text based addresses for web pages
used instead of IP addresses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are URL’s made of

protocol(HTTP OR HTTPS)
domain name
web page

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is HTTP(Hypertext transfer protocol)

used to transfer resources
uses request codes to send and recieve data and perform other tasks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the different request codes

GET, POST, DELETE, PUT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the GET request code

request the web server to transmit a specific resource

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the POST request code

requests to add content or data to a new page

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the DELETE request code

removes the specified resource form the web server

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the PUT request code

modifies an existing resource

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a disadvantage of HTTP

any data sent by this protocol can be read by anyone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is HTTPS(Hypertext transfer protocol secure)

secure method of sending data
done through asymmetric encryption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are web browsers

allows us to surf the web and view web pages
they render HTML web pages and display the content

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are functions of web browsers

storing bookmarks and favorites
recording user history
allowing use of multiple tabs
storing cookies
providing navigation tools
providing an address bar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a DNS server

domain name system
keeps record of all domains in existence and maps each of these domains to an IP address

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what happens if the DNS server does not have the requested IP address

it will request it from another DNS server

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a web server

a computer system connected to the internet which stores multiple resources

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do web servers store

web pages
images
videos
audio files
interactive content

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what happens when the web browser wants a resource

the web browser finds the correct IP address and then request the resource from the web server
it will then send the HTML which the browser turns into a readable form for the user

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are cookies and what do they do

small pieces of data that are stored on the users computer system
saves personal details
tracks user preferences
holds items in online shopping
stores login details

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are persistent cookies

they remove the need to alter settings on every visit to a website
they are stored on the HDD

what are session cookies

stored temporarily on the computer system
stored in RAM
used to track the user in particular websites

what is digital currency

a form of currency that only exists digitally

what are characteristics of digital currency

decentralised- not controlled by any banks or authorities
irreversible and public- they are on a public record and only the person who owns their currency can move it
anonymous-sending and recieving digital currency is anonymous
limited supply- there is limited supply and circulation of digital currency

advantages of digital currency

anonymous decentralised anyone can access it no middle man taking the cut cannot be manipulated

disadvantages of digital currency

uses lots of resources to compute the hashes required some digital currencies are not accepted widely not a traditional bank investors have turned digital currency into a commodity value tends to fluctuate

what is blockchain

a worldwide, synchronised system of digital ledgers completely tamper proof

what happens when data needs to be added to blockchain

when data is added a new block is added to the chain each connecting block is linked to one another which provides a reliable record of events

what do the blocks contain in blockchain

sender wallet address receiver wallet address amount sent network fee timestamp number of confirmations

what is social engineering

the art of manipulating individuals into giving away private information

what is phishing

when a malicious email is sent to a target user with the intent of stealing information away from them

what are brute force attacks

hackers go through a list of commonly used passwords

how to stop brute force attacks

having very strong passwords

what is malware

software that can cause harm to a computer system

what can be done to stop malware

anti virus software should be installed on all computers automatic updates are commonly used to keep anti virus software up to date firewalls should be set up users trained to avoid malware

what is DDoS( Distributed Denial of Service) attack

when a number of computer systems send a large amount of internet traffic towards a single server or system the server gets knocked offline and becomes inaccessible to users

what is hacking

general term for gaining access to a computer system without authorisation

what is pharming

form of fraud that takes place online through malicious websites user is sent to a fake website

what is data interception

when a malicious attacker intercepts data in transmit

what are access levels

ensures that users can only access their personal documents and documents that are related to them

what are count controlled loops

repeats loops a set number of times

what are pre controlled loops

repeats loop while a condition is true

what are post condition loops

repeats loop until a condition is true

what are the benefits of using files for file storage

reusability(output can be imported back into programs) large storage capacity portability

how can files be opened in python

open(,)

how can files be closed in python

file.close()

what are the different modes with which files can be opened

read(r) write(w) append(a) read/write(r+)

how to open file in pseudo code

OPENFILE FOR

how to close files in pseudocode

CLOSEFILE

command to write to files in python

file.write("\nwriteanything")