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Pharmacology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mechanism of action of epinephrine?

A
  • stimulates the SNS to divert blood to vital organs !
  • effect based on target receptor : beta-1 heart (increases cardiac output) beta-2 lungs (bronchial dilation)
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2
Q

what drug class is epinephrine?

A

adrenergic

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3
Q

what do you use epinephrine for?

A
  • shock !
  • allergic reactions !
  • respiratory distress
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4
Q

what are some adverse reactions of epinephrine?

A
  • anxiety !
  • sweating
  • headaches
  • tachycardia/htn !
  • palpitations, arrhythmias, and oliguria !
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5
Q

what are some interventions and patient teachings of epinephrine?

A
  • monitor v/s, ECG !
  • EpiPen administration !
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6
Q

what are some contraindications of epinenphrine?

A

cardiac disease !

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7
Q

what drug class is atenolol and propranolol

A

adrenergic blockers

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8
Q

what is the mechanism action of atenolol and propranolol

A

blocks stimulation of beta 1 receptors !
- decreases HR/BP !

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9
Q

what do you use atenolol and propranolol for

A
  • hypertension !
  • arrhythmias !
  • migraines
  • angina !
  • heart failure
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10
Q

what are some adverse reactions of atenolol and propranolol

A
  • orthostatic hypotension !
  • bradycardia, bronchospasms !
  • dizziness/fatigue !
  • sexual dysfunction !
  • headaches
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11
Q

what are some nursing interventions for atenolol and propranolol

A
  • assess bp and hr before and after medication !
  • safety !
  • ECG !
  • i/o’s
  • hold if bp less than 60 bpm or if sbp is less than 90 !
  • change positions slowly !
  • avoid OTC decongestants !
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12
Q

contraindications of atenolol and propranolol

A
  • bradycardia, hypotension !
    propranolol : asthma !
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13
Q

what drug class is atorvastatin and simvastatin

A

anti-hyperlipidemic

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action for atorvastatin and simvastatin

A

inhibit the production of cholesterol in the liver and promote breakdown

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15
Q

what do you use atorvastatin and simvastatin for

A

increased cholestrol

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16
Q

what are some adverse reactions of atorvastatin and simvastatin

A
  • abdominal pain/ cramping !
  • constipation
  • bleeding !
  • muscle pain, hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis !
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17
Q

what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for atorvastatin and simvastatin

A

monitor cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL/HDL !
- no grapefruit juice, notify provider of muscle pain !
- s/s of liver failure - jaundice, GI pain, N/V, yellowing sclera, fatigue

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18
Q

contraindications of atorvastatin and simvastatin

A
  • liver disease, pregnancy !
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19
Q

what drug class is lisinopril in?

A

ACE inhibitor
(antihypertensive)

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20
Q

what drug class is amlodipine ?

A

calcium channel blocker
(antihypertensive)

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21
Q

what drug class is atenolol and metoprolol

A

beta blocker
(antihypertensive)

22
Q

what is the mechanism of action for lisinopril ?

A

blocks conversion of angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2
- blocks fluid retention
- blocks vessel constriction

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action for amlodipine ?

A
  • blocks calcium from entering heart and arterial cells
  • decreasing cardiac workload and causing vasodilation !
24
Q

what is the mechanism of action of atenolol and metoprolol?

A

blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation of beta 1 receptors causing a decrease in cardiac workload !

25
what do you use atenolol, metoprolol, amlodipine, and lisinopril for ?
hypertension and decrease cardiac workload
26
what are the adverse reactions for lisinopril, atenolol, metoprolol, and amlodipine?
all: orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and dizziness ! ACE inhibitor: dry cough, hyperkalemia ! calcium channel blocker: peripheral edema ! beta blockers: bradycardia, bronchospasms !
27
what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for lisinopril, atenolol, metoprolol, and amlodipine ?
- assess bp and hr before and after administration ! - ACE inhibitors: assess for dry cough, avoid OTC meds ! - Beta-blocker: monitor for heart failure ! - do not stop abruptly ! - no grapefruit juice with a Ca channel blocker ! - may combine meds - diuretics !
28
what are some contraindications of lisinopril, atenolol, metoprolol, and amlodipine?
lisinopril: pregnancy ! beta blockers: bradycardia, asthma, COPD calcium channel blockers: bradycardia !
29
what drug class is nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine in
antianginal/ vasodilating ! Nitrate: nitroglycerine ! calcium channel blocker: diltiazem, amlodipine
30
what is the mechanism of action for nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine
Nitrates: cause vasodilation and increase blood flow to myocardium! Ca calcium blockers: dilated arteries and slows cardiac conduction
31
what do you use nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine for
relieve angina pain and prevent or treat chronic angina
32
what are some adverse reactions of nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine?
all: headache, dizziness, weakness, and hypotension ! Nitrates: burning or tingling in the oral cavity Ca channel blocker: bradycardia, edema
33
what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine
-assess the severity, monitor vital signs ! - nitro admin 1SL q5minx3 ! - lay down after administration ! - stop all activity when taking nitro ! - may take acetaminophen for headaches !
34
what are some contraindications of nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine
hypotension ! Nitrates: closed angle glaucoma ! interactions : nitrates- ED meds ! calcium channel blockers grapefruit !
35
what drug class is warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, and apixaban ?
anticoagulants
36
what drug class is clopidogrel ?
antiplatelet
37
what drug class is alteplase ?
thrombolytic (only med that dissolves existing clots)
38
what is the mechanism of action of warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, and apixaban ?
prevent formation of blood clots !
39
what is the mechanism of action for clopidogrel
keep platelets from sticking together
40
what do you use warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?
MI A-Fib stroke prevention prevent PE or DVT !
41
what are some adverse reactions of warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?
All: bleeding internal/external), bruising ! heparin/ enxoaparin: HIT !
42
nursing interventions/ teaching for warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?
- PT/INR ( 2-3 goal) for warafarin ! - aPTT/PTT for IV heparin ! - CBC for signs of bleeding !
43
what are the antidotes of heparin and vitamin K
heparin : protamine sulfate vitamin k: warfarin
44
contraindications warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?
- GI ulcers !
45
what drug class is digoxin ?
cardiac glycoside (cardiotonic)
46
what is the mechanism of action for digoxin?
slows cardiac conduction through the AV node to lower heart rate and increase cardiac contractility !
47
what do you use digoxin for ?
heart failure a fib
48
what are some adverse reactions of digoxin?
- gi upset ! - visual disturbances, arrhythmias, and anorexia ! sign of toxicity: yellow and green halos, n/v, gi upset !
49
what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for digoxin?
- lung sounds, edema, weight, and electrolytes (K) ! - assess apical pulse before admin- hold med if rate is <60 ! - monitor digoxin levels, take pulse prior to taking dose ! - report gi and vision changes
50
what are some contraindications of digoxin?
- hypokalemia ! interactions- thyroid hormones !(decreased effectiveness of digoxin) ! - diuretics (increased risk for electrolyte imbalances !

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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