Unit 6 Drugs

Question 1

what do non-opiod analgesics do

Answer 1

relieve pain without causing physical dependence

Question 2

what are the actions of analgesics, anti-pyretics, and anti-inflammatories?

Answer 2

analgesics = pain-relieving
anti-pyretic = decrease body temp
anti-inflammatory = decrease inflammation

Question 3

what are the 3 non-opioid analgesic classes?

Answer 3

Salicylates
non-salicylates
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 4

what is the Salicylate drug

Answer 4

Aspirin

Question 5

what are the 3 actions of aspirin

Answer 5

• analgesics
• anti-pyretic
• anti-inflammatory
• anti-platelet

Question 6

what is the mechanism of action for aspirin

Answer 6

• inhibition of prostaglandins causes analgesia and anti-inflammation
• inhibits aggregation of platelet

Question 7

what is aspirin acting as an antiplatelet used for ?

Answer 7

important for MI and stroke patients
- prolongs bleeding time = risk for bleeding

Question 8

what is aspirin used for

Answer 8

• analgesia, anti-pyretic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory
• reduces risk of stroke or ischemic attack
• reduces risk of myocardial infarction

Question 9

what are some adverse drug reactions of aspirin ?

Answer 9

• gi bleed throughout use or large doses
• toxicity from repeated large doses; N/V/D, tinnitus (ringing in the ear) !

Question 10

what are some special considerations/contraindications of taking aspirin?

Answer 10

• bleeding disorders
• Reyes syndrome in children !

Question 11

what are some drug interactions to consider with aspirin?

Answer 11

antacids decrease effect
- aspirin increases bleeding with heparin
- increase NSAID levels

Question 12

what do you use acetaminophen for

Answer 12

• analgesics
• antipyretic
• no inflammatory effect
• used when allergic to aspirin
• used when on anticoagulants

Question 13

what are some adverse drug reactions with acetaminophen

Answer 13

liver tenderness
- jaundice, hepatotoxicity, and hepatic failure !

Question 14

what are some contraindications of acetaminophen

Answer 14

liver impairment
hepatic disease
liver cirrhosis
chronic alcoholism

Question 15

what are some management/teachings of taking acetaminophen and aspirin?

Answer 15

-acetaminophen- 2-4 grams max in 24hrs !
-acetylcysteine is antidote to acetaminophen overdose !
-watch combo/ OTC !
- NO ETOH (risk of liver failure) !
- take aspirin with food to prevent gi upset !

Question 16

what are the actions of NSAIDS

Answer 16

• antiinflammatory
  -inhibits COX enzyme

Question 17

what are the therapeutic classes of NSAIDS

Answer 17

analgesic
anti-pyretic
anti-inflammatory

Question 18

what are the 2 NSAID drugs

Answer 18

ibuprofen and celecoxib

Question 19

what drug is only a COX2 inhibitor? what does it mean?

Answer 19

celecoxib; it blocks pain and inflammation !

Question 20

ibuprofen is selective or non-selective ? what does it mean

Answer 20

! nonselective- blocks COX1 and COX2
blocks pain and inflammation (COX2) but also blocks the protection of the stomach and formation of clots(COX2) (which is bad) !

Question 21

what are some adverse drug reactions of ibuprofen and celecoxib

Answer 21

ibuprofen: nonselective nsaid
- GI bleed/ peptic ulcers !
- N/V; reflux; anoroexia !
celecoxib: selective nsaid
htn/headaches !

Question 22

what are some nursing management/teachings of taking nsaids (ibuprofen/celecoxib)

Answer 22

-assess for GI bleed !
- take NSAID woth food !

Question 23

what are the contraindications of taking ibuprofen and celecoxib

Answer 23

• bleeding disorders !
• renal dysfunction !

Question 24

what are the two main classes of opioids?

Answer 24

opioid and opioid antagonists

Question 25

what is the mechanism of action of opioids

Answer 25

block perception of pain

Question 26

what are the opioid drugs

Answer 26

- morphine - merperidine

Question 27

what is the action of the opioid antagonists

Answer 27

reverse the effects of the opioid drug

Question 28

what is the opioid antagonist drug

Answer 28

naloxone

Question 29

what are some adverse drug reactions of morphine and merperidine

Answer 29

- sedation ! - dizziness ! - urinary retention ! - resp. depression ! - constipatoin !

Question 30

what are some management/teachings of taking opioids

Answer 30

- monitor vital signs and resp. function and LOC to monitor for overdose ! - opioid dependence and drug tolerance ! - constipation management ! - do not drive !

Question 31

what are some contraindications of taking opioids

Answer 31

- monitor opioid naive !

Question 32

what are some adverse reactions of naloxone?

Answer 32

appearance of withdrawal - agitation ! - tachycardiac, htn ! - return of pain !

Question 33

what are some nursing managements of taking naloxone?

Answer 33

- anticipate return of pain !

Question 34

what are some contraindications of naloxone

Answer 34

- underlying cardiovascular disorder !

Question 35

what is the local anesthesia drug

Answer 35

lidocaine

Question 36

what does lidocaine do? used for?

Answer 36

blocks pain at specific site ! topical- pain control !

Question 37

what are some adverse reactions of lidocaine

Answer 37

- numbness, tingling ! - skin rash ! - hyperthermia !

Question 38

what are some patient teachings/management of lidocaine

Answer 38

anticipate loss of sensation ! - may combine with epinephrine !

Question 39

what is the cholinergic drug of this unit

Answer 39

bethanechol

Question 40

what does bethanechol do ?

Answer 40

stimulates parasympathetic system (rest and digest) - copies effects of acetylcholine !

Question 41

what do you use bethanechol used for

Answer 41

urinary retention !

Question 42

what are the adverse reactions of bethanechol (wet and leaky drug) !

Answer 42

- excessive salivation ! - diaphoresis ! - bradycardia/ hypotension !

Question 43

what are some managements/teachings of bethanechol

Answer 43

- v/s and i/o's ! - atropine may be used as an antidote !

Question 44

what is a interaction of bethanechol

Answer 44

corticosterioids !

Question 45

what are the anticholinergic drugs of this unit

Answer 45

atropine, benztropine, and tolterodine !

Question 46

what do anti-cholinerigc drugs do ?

Answer 46

blocks parasympathetic nervous system (blocks rest and digest) - inhibit effects of acetylcholine !

Question 47

what do you use atropine for ?

Answer 47

used preop to dry up secretions before surgery !

Question 48

what are the adverse drug reactions of tolterodine, atropine, and benztropine? (high and dry/ dries up secretions)

Answer 48

confusion - elderly ! blurred vision !

Question 49

what are some contraindications of benztropine, atropine, and tolterodine ?

Answer 49

glaucomoa !