Unit 5 Flashcards

(62 cards)

1
Q

Matter

A

refers to atoms and particles from which atoms are made. These are the basic building blocks of any solid, liquid or gas object
-can not be created or destroyed, but atoms can move around to make new object forms and can recombine to make new objects
-plants-get matter from gas in air (CO2 used to make glucose)
-animals-get matter from their food

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2
Q

Energy

A

the ability to do work, not an object, property than an object can have, not be created or destroyed but can be changed or transformed into new types of energy
-animals get energy from their food

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3
Q

Sunlight

A

energy source for plants

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4
Q

Tracing matter and energy

A

-matter and energy exist at same time but do not convert into one another and they generate differently
-not created or destroyed or converted into each other
-trace them separately

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5
Q

Human weight loss

A

-losing weight-most of mass was exhaled into the air (CO2)
-fat molecules used as inputs for cellular respiration(moves matter from inside the body to outside the body which causes weight loss)
-cellular respiration keeps energy inside body and makes it available to do work

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6
Q

Animal/plant weight gain

A

carbon and other atoms from food are added to body and used to construct new cells, store fat and make complex molecules

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7
Q

Food

A

large, carbon rich molecules (those with several carbon carbon bonds) that are sources of matter and energy

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8
Q

Food used in body for

A

1) cellular respiration
2) storage
3) tissue building

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9
Q

Food for cellular respiration

A

-for energy
-molecules in food broken down during respiration
-releases energy to power metabolism, transport and movement
-matter removal process

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10
Q

Food for storage

A

-molecules in food covered into starch (plants) or glycogen, fatty acids and fats (animals)
-which are storage molecules that can be inputs for respiration when required
-matter incorporation process

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11
Q

Food for tissue building/growth

A

-molecules in food converted into molecules required for growth of new cells
-matter incorporation process

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12
Q

Making food

A

-input (lots of small low energy molecules, air)+energy from sun–>1 large high energy molecule +leftovers
-sun provides energy to break small molecules and form a large molecule

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13
Q

Glucose used for

A

1) cellular respiration
2) storage
3) tissue building

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14
Q

Photosynthesis output

A

input for cellular respiration

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15
Q

Energy in glucose traced back to

A

energy from the sun

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16
Q

Matter in glucose traced back to

A

matter from air

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17
Q

Relative rates of mass removal and mass incorporation impact

A

whether an organism gains, loses, or maintains weight

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18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process that makes glucose (food) using matter from the air and energy from the sun
-only in plants

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19
Q

Cellular respiration

A

process that removes matter from the body and makes energy available to the organism to carry out metabolism
causes some energy to be released as heat
-in plants, animals, fungi
-not avaliable for transfer from one organism to another

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20
Q

Storage

A

process that incorporates matter from food (glucose) into storage molecules(fat, glycogen, starch) in the body
-in plants, animals, fungi
-avaliable for transfer from one organism to another

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21
Q

Tissue building

A

process that incorporates matter from food (glucose) into tissues in the body (muscle, bone, cellulose)
-in plants, animals, fungi
-avaliable for transfer from one organism to another

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22
Q

Patterns of mass change photosynthesis

A

oxygen concentration in air=increased
carbon dioxide concentration in air=decreased
carbon in organism=increased
organisms mass= increased

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23
Q

Patterns of mass change cellular respiration

A

oxygen concentration in air=decreased
carbon dioxide concentration in air=increased
carbon in organism=decreased
organisms mass=decreased

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24
Q

Change in mass inside glass box humans

A

stays the same

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25
Change in mass outside glass box humans
generally decreasing
26
Plants change in mass over time no box
generally increasing
27
Animals change in mass over time no box
generally decreasing
28
Fungus's change in mass over time no box
generally decreasing
29
Community
a group of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographic area at the same time
30
Trophic level
within a community each species has feeding relationships with other species which determines their role in the food web -multiple different species can occupy the same trophic level -most communities have no more than 4-5 levels -fewer and fewer organisms at each trophic level -more biomass at lower levels -10-20% of energy goes to next level, energy lost at each trophic level
31
Food web
graphical representation of what eats what's within a community -arrow indicates feeding relationship, direction is direction of energy -when one organism consumes another the matter and energy in the tissue of the food organism is transferred to the organism doing the eating
32
Primary producers
most abundant, autotroph (make own matter, energy), everything relies on them -represents total amount of potential matter and energy in the food web
33
Consumers (primary, secondary, tertiary)
heterotrophs(get matter, energy from their food)
34
Metabolic processed (respiration) and uneaten and indigestible biomass
limits the amount of energy avaliable to subsequent trophic levels
35
Higher plant diversity and structure leads to
-more diverse habitats for organisms -higher organism abundance and species richness -more matter and energy stored within organisms -less energy lost due to respiration -greater energy flow among organisms -higher energy use efficiency across the trophic levels
36
Regulating body temperature requires
organism to use energy -cellular respiration makes chemical energy available to the organism to do work of temperature regulation, causes a loss in mass
37
Ecosystem
includes both the living and nonliving parts of a community, plants and animals that are interacting with each other in a specific set of nonliving conditions (temp, altitude, humidity)
38
Temperature
measure of thermal energy
39
Light energy
-energy that is emitted from the sun that can be seen -initiates photosynthesis by breaking apart CO2 and water -converted into chemical energy in the bonds of molecules through photosynthesis
40
Chemical energy
-energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules, all originated from light energy in sun -food and fuel has lots of it -cellular respiration releases chemical energy from food making it available to the organism
41
Thermal energy
-energy of moving particles -known as heat -causes the property of temperature in organisms, objects and the environment -chemical energy converted into thermal energy in living organisms during cellular respiration
42
Temperature affect molecules
-elevated temperatures break bonds and disrupt shape and function of proteins
43
Temperature affect cells
-cold temperatures can freeze cellular water and cause damage to cellular membranes and organelles
44
Poikilotherms
-body temperature varies with environment -primary producers, fungi, invertebrates (insects, mollusks, crustaceans),m reptiles, fish, amphibians -also called exotherms
45
Homeotherms
-maintain constant, regulated body temperature -mammals and birds -also called endotherms
46
Cellular responses to change body temperature
-both use poikilotherms- cannot efficiently use heat from respiration to warm their bodies, have cellular level mechanisms (heat shock proteins, antifreeze proteins) homeotherms- have high respiration rates which is used to warm their bodies
47
Behavior responses to change body temperature
-both use poikilotherms- rely on behavior to change their body temperature, change habitat, evaporative cooling, shivering
48
Hot day
plant mass increasing faster
49
Cool sunny day
plant mass increasing slowly
50
Assuming no food intake poikilotherms will lose mass faster
at warmer temperature than colder temperatures
51
Fungi and animal mass on cold day
decreasing slowly
52
Fungi and animal mass on hot day
decreasing faster
53
Homeothermic organisms respiration rates under cold conditions
faster respiration rates, increases production of heat energy which warms the body, makes energy available to perform cellular reactions that warm the body such as muscle contractions to shiver
54
Poikilothermic organisms respiration rates under warm temperatures
respire faster under warm conditions and slower under cold
55
Respiration in poikilotherms at cooler temps
slower rates lose mass faster
56
Respiration in poikilotherms at warm temps
faster rates lose mass faster
57
Respiration in homeotherms at cooler temps
faster rates lose mass faster
58
Respiration in homeotherms at warm temps
slower rates lose mass slower
59
Photosynthesis in autotrophic poikilotherms at cooler temps
slower rates gain mass slower
60
Photosynthesis in autotrophic poikilotherms at warmer temps
faster rates gain mass faster
61
Kelp forest case study
warm waters too hot for kelp, couldn't respond quick enough, whole forest died, urchins had faster respiration rates so needed to eat more, turned into urchin barren
62
Alpine tundra case study
during colder years grasses photosynthesize slower so they have less mass, bison need more energy to keep warm, makes mismatch and danger of ecosystem collapse