Unit 5

Question 1

Agricultural Pollution

Answer 1

Pollution from rural areas where people live

Question 2

Algae

Answer 2

a general term for small, chlorophyll-containing plants such as seaweed or pond scum

Question 3

Ammonia

Answer 3

a colorless, pungent gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen from animal waste

Question 4

Aquaculture

Answer 4

the cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for food; fish farming

Question 5

Aquatic

Answer 5

living or growing in water

Question 6

Aquifer

Answer 6

an underground water system made of porous rock and sand

Question 7

Bottom trawling

Answer 7

fishing method that involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor

Question 8

By-catch

Answer 8

unwanted marine creatures that are caught in the nets while fishing for another species

Question 9

Condensation

Answer 9

when water vapor (gaseous water) forms droplets of water in the atmosphere, making clouds. The change in water from gas to liquid form.

Question 10

Confining layer

Answer 10

a place in the aquifer where impermeable rock covers permeable rock

Question 11

Evaporation

Answer 11

the change in water from liquid to gas

Question 12

Eutrophication

Answer 12

When large amounts of nutrients enter the water and cause an increase in the amount of oxygen

Question 13

Exotic plant

Answer 13

A plant that is transported from its place of origin and introduced into a new environment

Question 14

Groundwater

Answer 14

water that percolates through the surface and is retained in underlying rock and soil.

Question 15

Groundwater contamination

Answer 15

when any harmful substance enters the water underground and makes it unsuitable for use

Question 16

Groundwater model

Answer 16

a representation of the underground water system

Question 17

Groundwater system

Answer 17

holds the rock layers that make up an aquifer and the water that is stored and transported through the openings in the rocks

Question 18

Herbicides

Answer 18

chemicals used to kill weeds

Question 19

Hydrologic cycle

Answer 19

the passage of water between reservoirs (oceans and atmosphere) by groundwater percolation, evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Question 20

Impermeable

Answer 20

something that does not allow liquid to run through it

Question 21

Marine protected area (MPA)

Answer 21

officially, an MPA is any area of the marine environment that has been reserved by federal, state, tribal, territorial, or local laws or regulations to provide lasting protection for part or all of the natural and cultural resources therein. In practice, MPAs are defined areas where natural and/or cultural resources are given greater protection than the surrounding waters.

Question 22

Native plant

Answer 22

A plant that lives and thrives in its place of origin

Question 23

Nitrate

Answer 23

a water-soluble molecule made up of nitrogen and oxygen, commonly found in agricultural fertilizers

Question 24

Nitrogen

Answer 24

A colorless, odorless gas that is a non-metallic element which makes up almost four fifths of the air

Question 25

Non-point source

Answer 25

when the point of the pollution is difficult to identify

Question 26

Organic pollution

Answer 26

pollution that occurs when living things decompose

Question 27

Percolation

Answer 27

when precipitation is absorbed into the ground and moves down through the soil

Question 28

Permeable

Answer 28

ability of something to allow liquids to run through it

Question 29

Pesticides

Answer 29

chemical substances applied to plants to keep insects away

Question 30

Phosphates

Answer 30

Phosphorous can come from natural sources such as phosphate- containing rocks and human sources such as fertilizers, pesticides, detergents, and industrial wastes.

Question 31

Photosynthesis

Answer 31

the process by which plants convert energy from the sun into food

Question 32

Phytoplankton

Answer 32

single-celled algae

Question 33

Point source

Answer 33

when the source of the pollutant is easily identified

Question 34

Porous rock

Answer 34

a rock with many spaces between grains

Question 35

Precipitation

Answer 35

water that is released from the atmosphere as rain, snow, hail, etc.

Question 36

Sediment pollution

Answer 36

pollution that occurs when loose soil is carried into bodies of water by rain

Question 37

Spring

Answer 37

water returning to the surface after being absorbed by the ground

Question 38

Stormwater runoff

Answer 38

rainwater that does not soak into the ground and carries pollution into bodies of water

Question 39

Surface runoff

Answer 39

precipitation that drains across the land into lakes, streams, or rivers

Question 40

Surface water

Answer 40

water that lays on the earth’s surface. Surface water includes water in rivers, lakes, streams, creeks, ponds, and wetlands

Question 41

Transpiration

Answer 41

the process by which water is released from plant leaves

Question 42

Watershed

Answer 42

an area of land over which water flows to reach a common body of water such as a lake or pond

Question 43

Well

Answer 43

a hole that is drilled into the aquifer

Question 44

Zooplankton

Answer 44

very small aquatic animals