Unit 5

Question 1

What is a dolina

Answer 1

rain dissolves limestone creating a hole/cave

Question 2

What is the significance of a dolina

Answer 2

The cave is filled with sediment overtime trapping bones and other artifacts

Question 3

What is breccia

Answer 3

A stone-like substance found in dolina’s that is formed by combining calcium carbonate with sediment

Question 4

Sterkfontein (Site)

Answer 4

A site in south Africa that is a dolina. A hominin skeleton was found named Little Foot

Question 5

Little Foot (Skeleton)

Answer 5

A early Australopithecus discovered by Ronald Clark

Question 6

Malapa (Site)

Answer 6

A site in South Africa that is a dolina. The site is known for having many early Australopithecus fossils one of the most famous being Sediba

Question 7

East African Rift Valley

Answer 7

Is an active continental rift zone that is home to many archaeological dig sites.

Question 8

Olduvai Gorge (Site)

Answer 8

One of the most famous hominin sites in the world located in Norther Tanzania. The site is made from a riverbed. Louis and Mary Leaky discovered many Hominin fossils here one of the most famous being Zinjanthropus boisei.

Question 9

Laetoli (Site)

Answer 9

A site found in Northern Tanzania. Footprints were found imprinted in volcanic stone.

Question 10

Koobi Fora (Site)

Answer 10

A site in Northern Tanzania. The most famous discovery being Turkana boy.

Question 11

West Turkana (Site)

Answer 11

Located in Northwestern Kenya. Known for Hominin fossils and a possible stone tool dating to 3.3mya.

Question 12

Kada Gona (Site)

Answer 12

Stone tools Dating back to 2.6mya.

Question 13

Hadar (Site)

Answer 13

Located in Ethiopia. Known for the discovery of Lucy which is a 40% complete skull of an Australopithecus afarensis.

Question 14

Plesiomorphic trait

Answer 14

A primitive trait inherited by a species from their ancestor.

Question 15

Apomorphic trait

Answer 15

New or derived trait that first appears in the species in question. Indicative of a new branch.

Question 16

Evolutionary systematics

Answer 16

The method of classifying new fossils.

Question 17

Phylogeny

Answer 17

The evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Question 18

Taxonomy

Answer 18

Classifying organisms based on available data, about their phylogenetic relationships.

Question 19

Miocene age

Answer 19

A major change of the environment that was the foundation for future ice ages.

Question 20

Pliocene age

Answer 20

The evolution of the first hominoids.

Question 21

Pleistocene age

Answer 21

The Evolution of modern humans (Homo Sapiens).

Question 22

Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Bones)

Answer 22

An early hominid dated to 7mya.

Question 23

Orrorin tugenensis (Bones)

Answer 23

A Homininae thought to be one of the first obligate biped dated to 6mya.

Question 24

Ardipithecus ramidus (Bones)

Answer 24

Reduced prognathism. 300-400cc. 4.5mya.

Question 25

Australopithecus anamensis

Answer 25

No prehensile feet. Obligate Bipeds. 370cc. 4mya.

Question 26

Australopithecus afarensis

Answer 26

East African species. Notable Sexual dimorphism. Significantly larger molars. No walking gait. 3-4mya.

Question 27

Australopithecus africanus

Answer 27

South African species. Notable Sexual dimorphism. Significantly larger molars. No walking gait. 2.4-3mya

Question 28

Walking gait

Answer 28

Abnormal walking.

Question 29

Kadanuumuu

Answer 29

A. afarensis. Found in Hadar. 3.6mya.

Question 30

Selam

Answer 30

A. afarensis. 3 year old child. Found in Hadar. 3.3mya.

Question 31

Taung child

Answer 31

A. africanus

Question 32

Mrs. Ples

Answer 32

A. africanus. Prominent canine pillars.

Question 33

Australopithecus sediba

Answer 33

South African species found in Malapa. 2mya.

Question 34

Australopithecines

Answer 34

First obligate bipeds but still spent time in trees.

Question 35

Paranthropus aethiopicus

Answer 35

Large sagittal crest, flaring cheek bones and large molars, all features associated with chewing. approx. 2.5mya.

Question 36

Paranthropus boisei

Answer 36

East African species. Less sexual dimorphism. Features associated with chewing. 520cc.

Question 37

Paranthropus robustus

Answer 37

South African species. Less sexual dimorphism. Features associated with chewing. 520cc.

Question 38

Generalists.

Answer 38

Not particularly adapted to the environment or food types.

Question 39

Specialists

Answer 39

Adapted specifically to certain environments will often die out if enviroment changes.