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unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the ‘Age of Isms’?

A

Emergence of new ideologies such as liberalism, romanticism, nationalism, conservatism, socialism, and zionism

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2
Q

What ideas did the Enlightenment promote?

A

Freedom, constitutional government, natural rights, free-market economics

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3
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

A

July 4, 1776

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4
Q

What document replaced the Articles of Confederation in 1789?

A

US Constitution

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5
Q

Who was the first President of the United States?

A

George Washington

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6
Q

What key principles did the American Founding Fathers incorporate into the government?

A

Bill of Rights, three branches of government

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7
Q

What was the French Revolution influenced by?

A

The American Independence Movement

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8
Q

Name the four phases of the French Revolution.

A
  • National Assembly (1789-1793)
  • Reign of Terror (1793-1794)
  • The Directory (1795-1799)
  • Age of Napoleon (1799-1815)
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9
Q

What slogan became associated with the French Revolution?

A

‘Liberty, Equality, Fraternity’

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10
Q

Who emerged as a Revolutionary hero during the Age of Napoleon?

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

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11
Q

What major change did Napoleon implement regarding the Christian Church?

A

Concordat of 1801 brought the Church under state control and recognized religious freedom

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12
Q

What was the Napoleonic Code?

A

Updated law code providing equality for all citizens, religious toleration, merit-based advancement

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13
Q

What event marked Napoleon’s final defeat?

A

Battle of Waterloo in 1815

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14
Q

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

A

Restore traditional borders and legitimate governments after the Napoleonic Wars

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15
Q

Who was Prince Clemens von Metternich?

A

Austrian diplomat who championed conservatism and restored the balance of power in Europe

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16
Q

What was the Quadruple Alliance?

A

Alliance between Austria, Great Britain, Russia, & Prussia to maintain balance of power post-Napoleon

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17
Q

What was the outcome of the Haitian Revolution?

A

Haitians gained full independence from France and established the Haitian Republic in 1820

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18
Q

Who led the Creole Revolutions in Latin America?

A

Charismatic leaders including Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin

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19
Q

What was the significance of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Led to urbanization and a restructuring of social and political systems worldwide

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20
Q

What were the two phases of the Industrial Revolution?

A
  • Phase I (1750-1850)
  • Phase II (1850-1920)
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21
Q

Name one key invention from Phase I of the Industrial Revolution.

A

Flying shuttle by John Kay (1733)

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22
Q

What was a major impact of railways during industrialization?

Study These Flashcards
A

Facilitated faster cargo movement and connected cities

23
Q

Who is referred to as the ‘Father of Railways’?

Study These Flashcards
A

George Stephenson

24
Q

What was a significant advancement in Phase II of the Industrial Revolution?

Study These Flashcards
A

Electric light bulb by Thomas Edison (1878)

25
What social class structure emerged due to industrialization?
* Elite Industrialists * Industrial Middle Class (Bourgeoisie) * Working Class (Proletariat)
26
What was the 'Cult of Domesticity'?
A distinct middle-class subculture dictating separate spheres for men and women
27
What characterized industrialized warfare in the 19th century?
* High casualties * Mobile armies * Destructive weapons * Collateral damage
28
What was the first widespread military use of railroads?
Crimean War (1853-56)
29
Fill in the blank: The Industrial Revolution began in _______.
Great Britain
30
What are the characteristics of industrial warfare in the 19th century?
High casualties, mobile armies, destructive weapons, collateral damage
31
Which countries were involved in the Crimean War (1853-56)?
Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, France, Sardinia
32
What was significant about the Crimean War?
First widespread military use of railroads and trench warfare
33
What was the outcome of the American Civil War (1861-65)?
Union victory
34
What was the first automatic weapon used in the American Civil War?
Gatling gun
35
What advantage did the Prussian army have in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)?
Used trains to rapidly move troops
36
What were the two major problems faced by the Ottoman Empire by the early 1800s?
Overexpansion, failure to modernize
37
Who was Mahmud II and what reforms did he implement?
Ottoman Sultan who abolished the Janissary Corps, dismantled feudal tax system, built modern infrastructure, created Western-style political ministries
38
What were Muhammad Ali's key reforms in Egypt?
Restructured military, established schools, secularized religious lands, built factories
39
What was the British Macartney Mission (1792) aimed at?
Enticing Chinese authorities with British trade goods
40
What led to the Opium Wars (1839-1842)?
Chinese seizure of British opium shipments
41
What was one major outcome of the Treaty of Nanking (1842)?
British citizens in China were granted extraterritoriality
42
What was the death toll estimate for the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)?
20-30 million, some estimates as high as 100 million
43
What was the main goal of Hong Xiquan during the Taiping Rebellion?
To establish a Christian kingdom in East Asia
44
What was the Boxer Rebellion (1900)?
Anti-foreign revolts in China that escalated to warfare
45
What were the Western advantages during the New Imperialism (1870-1914)?
Advanced weapons, steam technology, modern medicines
46
What were the economic motives for imperialism?
Obtaining resources, opening new markets, cheap labor
47
What is Social Darwinism in the context of imperialism?
The belief that Westerners were biologically superior and justified their dominance
48
Fill in the blank: The _______ Doctrine issued by James Monroe stops European intervention in Latin America.
Monroe
49
What was the purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary (1905)?
To preserve the sovereignty of Latin American states and protect from European entanglements
50
What was Japan's goal during the era of imperialism (1890-1945)?
To acquire natural resources for industrial growth
51
What was the significance of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)?
Japan defeated Russia and claimed resource-rich territory
52
What was the outcome of the Sepoy Mutiny (1857-1858)?
Increased British control over India
53
What was the impact of monoculture in colonial agriculture?
Depleted crop lands throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America
54
What were the New Zealand Wars (1845-1872) about?
British conquest of New Zealand

ap world (2 decks)

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