Unit 5

Question 1

AAQ: Experimental study

Answer 1

One or more variables changed and effect is measured, IV and DV

Question 2

AAQ: Case study

Answer 2

In depth non-experimental study on an individual or small group

Question 3

AAQ: Naturalistic observation

Answer 3

Recording behavior in a natural habitat

Question 4

AAQ: Correlational study

Answer 4

Looks at a relationship between two variables without changing anything

Question 5

AAQ: Meta-analysis

Answer 5

Evaluating multiple studies to come to a general conclusion

Question 6

Operational definition

Answer 6

Detailed method of measuring the variable, ex IQ test

Question 7

Ethical guidelines

Answer 7

Institutional board reviews, informed consent/assent, confidentiality, debriefing

Question 8

Types of stress

Answer 8

Approach-approach (two good outcomes), avoidance-avoidance (two bad outcomes), etc.

Question 9

Hans Selye General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 9

States the response to stress is general alarm (sympathetic nervous system) -> resistance (body stays alert) -> exhaustion (body is vulnerable)

Question 10

Tend-and-Befriend

Answer 10

Common among women to seek out support from others

Question 11

Stress affects body

Answer 11

Prevents the formation of new neurons

Question 12

Personality types (stress)

Answer 12

A: competitive, more stress hormones (list makers)
B: less stress hormones (laid back)

Question 13

Catharsis

Answer 13

Release of anger through to relieve pent up emotion

Question 14

Stress coping

Answer 14

Problem-focused: changing stressor, root of problem
Emotion-focused: distract or avoid probelm

Question 15

Does money buy happiness?

Answer 15

No, but being financially stable predicts happiness

Question 16

Adaptation level phenomenon

Answer 16

We adjust our neural levels based on experience

Question 17

Broaden-and-Build theory

Answer 17

Everyday positive emotions strengthens our self-awareness and resilience

Question 18

Virtues and strengths

Answer 18

1- Wisdom
2- Courage
3- Humanity
4- Justice
5- Transcendence (appreciation)
6- Temperance (forgiveness)

Question 19

Symptoms for a psychological disorder

Answer 19

Dysfunctional, deviant (abnormal behavior), and distressing

Question 20

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 20

Individuals genetics combine with their environment to influence disorders

Question 21

Classical conditioning

Answer 21

Train us to hold onto the things that cause us anziety

Question 22

Delusions (schizophrenia)

Answer 22

False beliefs (thoughts)

Question 23

Hallucinations (schizophrenia)

Answer 23

False sensory experiences

Question 24

Flat effect

Answer 24

Displaying no emotion

Question 25

Anhedonia

Answer 25

Persistent loss of interest or pleasure

Question 26

Alogia

Answer 26

Speaking less or not at all

Question 27

Catatonia

Answer 27

Moving less or not at all

Question 28

Acute schizophrenia

Answer 28

Begins with a sudden response, environmental trigger

Question 29

Chronic schizophrenia

Answer 29

Constant symptoms with frequent episodes

Question 30

Brain abnormalities (schizophrenia)

Answer 30

Occipital and frontal lobe, hippocampus

Question 31

Clusters of personality disorders

Answer 31

Cluster A: odd/eccentric Cluster B: dramatic/erratic Cluster C: anxious/fearful

Question 32

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 32

Extreme inadequacy, reluctant to take risks, feel inferior

Question 33

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 33

Instability, efforts to avoid abandonment, need people there all the time

Question 34

Schizoid personality disorder

Answer 34

Avoid social activities, appear dull or humorless (flat affect)

Question 35

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 35

Needs to be center of attention, sallow emotions, inappropriate behavior

Question 36

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 36

Sense of self-importance, lacks empathy, power obsessed

Question 37

Antisocial (sociopath) personality disorder

Answer 37

Lack of morality, disobeys laws, impulsive, no regard for safety

Question 38

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 38

Mental health patients can get resources from their community rather than being sent to insane asylums

Question 39

Psychotherapy

Answer 39

Therapist and patient work on personal growth

Question 40

Biomedical therapy

Answer 40

Medications, exercise, etc

Question 41

Eclectic approach therapy

Answer 41

Uses many therapy techniques

Question 42

Psychodynamic therapy (unconscious thoughts)

Answer 42

Transference: misplaced feelings on the therapist

Question 43

Humanisic therapy (people have potential to grow)

Answer 43

Aim to improve a person’s awareness. Uses active listening and unconditional positive regard

Question 44

Systematic desensitization

Answer 44

Incrementally expose a person to their fear/anxiety

Question 45

Aversive conditioning

Answer 45

Associating a bad feeling with a negative stimulus

Question 46

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 46

Aims to change thoughts and actions