Unit 5

Question 1

When are Homologous chromosomes present during Meiosis 1?

Answer 1

Interphase-metaphase 1

Question 2

When does independent assortment occur?

Answer 2

Metaphase 1

homologous chromosomes line up randomly on the sides

Question 3

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 3

Prophase 1

Question 4

When are Tetrads present during Meiosis?

Answer 4

Prophase-Metaphase 1

Question 5

What does 2 large X chromosome’s mean?

Answer 5

It’s a girl

Question 6

What does a big X chromosome and a small Y one mean?

Answer 6

It’s a boy

Question 7

What does the equation 2n stand for?

Answer 7

Combinations of unique gametes

independent assortment equation

Question 8

After Meiosis is complete how many sperm cells are made?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What has to happen in order for meiosis to be complete in the female? How many cells are made?

Answer 9

Fertilization, 1 egg cell is created but the remaining three are polar bodies that degrade in the body

Question 10

Why are Homologous chromosomes all the same?

Answer 10

Because of genes, but alleles are what make them different because they have 2 types of genes

Question 11

How do the cells at the end of meiosis compare with the parent cell?

Answer 11

They start as Diploids, then increased directly through crossover and independent assortment and end as diploid

Question 12

Why do we need diversity?

Answer 12

To create Gametes that are haploid. Then they can combine during fertilization producing a diploid egg

Question 13

Why is genetic diversity produced by meiosis is a good thing for nature?

Answer 13

Helps to maintain health of the population by including alleles that provide variation of traits

Question 14

Sister Chromatid

Answer 14

Identical copies of a replicated chromosome joined by a centromere

Question 15

Mitosis traits

Answer 15

Results in 2 diploid (2N) cells
Identical cells result
Somatic

Question 16

Meiosis traits

Answer 16

Results in 4 haploid (1N) cells
Not identical cells result
Independent assortment and crossing over occurs

Question 17

What order do these go in?

Random fertilization
Crossing over
Independent assortment

Answer 17

Crossing over
Independent assortment
Random fertilization

Question 18

Crossing over

Answer 18

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic info during prophase 1

Question 19

Independent assortment

Answer 19

Homologous chromosomes arrange randomly during metaphase 1

Question 20

Random fertilization

Answer 20

The ovum has 8 million possible chromosome’s to combine, so do the sperm cells

Question 21

Diploid, what process do we see this kind of cell?

Answer 21

Containing 2 complete sets of chromosomes from each parent

Mitosis

Question 22

Haploid, what process do we see this kind of cell?

Answer 22

A single set if unpaired chromosomes

Meiosis

Question 23

What are homologous chromosomes? What makes a pair of homologous chromosomes different from each other?

Answer 23

2 sets of each chromosome’s where 1 pair comes from the mother and the other comes from the father (have different alleles)

Question 24

What is a gene?

Answer 24

Section of DNA that controls the characteristics if an individual through protein production

Question 25

What is an allele?

Answer 25

1 or more alternate forms of a gene

Question 26

What is a Tetrad, when is it formed?

Answer 26

A homologous pair of chromosomes each made of 2 chromatids that form in late prophase 1

Question 27

What does Nondisjunction in Meiosis 1 result as?

Answer 27

The pairs of homologous chromosome's fail to separate, and 4 cells end up with the incorrect # of chromosomes

Question 28

What does Nondisjunction in Meiosis 2 result as?

Answer 28

Sister Chromosomes fail to separate and 2 cells end up with the wrong # of chromosomes

Question 29

What is a karyotype?

Answer 29

Organized profile of a persons chromosomes

Question 30

Explain the difference between autosomal and sex chromosome's and how many of each you would find in a human karyotype

Answer 30

Autosomes are the somatic chromosomes that control body characteristics. We have 22 setsC sex chromosome's determine gender and we have 1 set

Question 31

Monosomy

Answer 31

Missing a chromosome on a pair

Question 32

Anuplodiy

Answer 32

Abnormal # of chromosomes in the body

Question 33

Deletion

Answer 33

Part of a chromosome is missing | ABC-DFG

Question 34

When does the cell go from diploid to haploid during Meiosis?

Answer 34

Telophase 1 (after cytokinesis)

Question 35

Trimosy

Answer 35

1 extra chromosome on a pair

Question 36

Non disjunction

Answer 36

Uneven separation of chromosomes during Anaphase 1 and 2 in Meiosis

Question 37

Inversion

Answer 37

Letter swaps with another in sequence

Question 38

Translocation

Answer 38

Letter breaks off of one sequence and gets attached to another

Question 39

2 sets of chromosomes is a...

Answer 39

Holomongous, diploid

Question 40

1/2 set of chromosome is a...

Answer 40

Haploid

Question 41

When are Tetrads formed?

Answer 41

Prophase 1

Question 42

The reduction division

Answer 42

Meioses

Question 43

Between meiosis 1 and 2 the chromosomes...?

Answer 43

Duplicate

Question 44

The longest part of meiosis

Answer 44

Prophase 1

Question 45

Gamete production is a result of...?

Answer 45

Meiosis

Question 46

Meiosis 2 looks like...?

Answer 46

Mitosis

Question 47

At the end of Meosis what does the female produce?

Answer 47

1 egg and 3 polar bodies

Question 48

Meosis starts with (blank) and ends with (blank)

Answer 48

1 diploid, 4 haploid

Question 49

When does this happen in meiosis? Chromosome is shorter and thicker, and the nuclear membrane breaks down and disappears

Answer 49

Prophase

Question 50

Cell replacement, growth and healing is the result of?

Answer 50

Mitosis

Question 51

What's the difference between a haploid and diploid cell?

Answer 51

n-haploid, 1/2 # of chromosomes 2n-diploid, full set