Unit 5 & 6 Exam

Question 1

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells is known as:

Answer 1

Internal respiration

Question 2

At the alveoli, oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the respiratory membrane, which is a very thin membrane with a large surface area.

T OR F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which way does oxygen diffuse during internal respiration?

Answer 3

from the blood of the systemic capillaries into the tissue cells

Question 4

This part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity, serves as a passageway for air only, and houses the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) and opening of the auditory tube:

Answer 4

Nasopharynx

Question 5

This structure is commonly called the “throat”:

Answer 5

Pharynx

Question 6

This portion of the pharynx contains the palatine tonsils and allows for the passage of air and food:

Answer 6

Oropharynx

Question 7

The respiratory system aids in speech production, also known as:

Answer 7

Phonation

Question 8

A function of our respiratory system is to regulate blood pH. This is accomplished by exhaling Carbon dioxide and is important because too much Carbon dioxide can make our blood:

Answer 8

acidic

Question 9

At about the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra, the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi at an area known as the:

Answer 9

Carina

Question 10

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in this process:

Answer 10

Inhalation

Question 11

Which is true of the volume and pressure changes that occur with inhalation?

Answer 11

Volume increases and pressure decreases

Question 12

Which of the following is the main way oxygen is transported in the blood?

Answer 12

bound to hemoglobin

Question 13

Where does the carbon dioxide in our blood come from?

Answer 13

it is produced by cells during cellular respiration

Question 14

Pressure builds up in the middle ear as you ascend in an airplane. Fortunately, this pressure is relieved when the Auditory tube or Eustachian tube opens leading to a “pop” of the tympanic membrane. This is due to the anatomy of the Auditory/Eustachian tube connecting to both the outer and inner ear.

T OR F

Answer 14

False

Question 15

While practicing yoga, I concentrate of my breathing. As I breathe in, I feel my chest _____, to bring _____ into the body.

Answer 15

expand, Oxygen

Question 16

I’m having trouble finishing the quiz. As a (healthy?) source of inspiration, I just drank “one bourbon, one scotch and one beer” while listening to the George Thorogood song of the same name. While chugging the beer, I choked on the last swallow. What anatomical structure can I blame my choking?

Answer 16

Epiglottis

Question 17

absorption

Both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are much more fat soluble than water soluble. Therefore both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are primarily transported in the plasma portion of blood.

T OR F

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The movement of monomers across from the lumen of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic vessels is the function of the digestive tract known as:

Answer 18

absorption

Question 19

This substance, produced by the liver, acts to emulsify fats:

Answer 19

bile

Question 20

The action of the enzyme pepsin allows for the chemical digestion of which nutrient in the stomach?

Answer 20

protein

Question 21

An enzyme from the pancreas that digests carbohydrates is:

Answer 21

Amylase

Question 22

Proteins are large molecules which are chemically digested to:

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

The opening within the alimentary canal, through which the food is traveling, is the:

Answer 23

Lumen

Question 24

Enzymes within the digestive tract break down larger polymers like proteins into smaller subunit monomers. This function of the digestive tract is known as:

Answer 24

chemical digestion

Question 25

The major digestive and absorptive organ, involved in the chemical digestion of all nutrients is the:

Answer 25

Small intestine

Question 26

The 3 portions of the small intestine are:

Answer 26

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (dji

Question 27

Boyle’s law states that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with volume. This means that if the volume goes up, the pressure will go down. Why is this important here?

Answer 27

As we breathe, we are creating volume changes in the thoracic cavity and lungs, which are then causing pressure changes and causing air to flow

Question 28

Which is true of the volume and pressure changes that occur with inhalation?

Answer 28

Volume increases and pressure decreases

Question 29

The site of gas exchange, in which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood to be exhaled, is the:

Answer 29

Alveoli

Question 30

Which way does oxygen diffuse during internal respiration?

Answer 30

from the blood of the systemic capillaries into the tissue cells

Question 31

Which of the following is the main way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Answer 31

in the form of bicarbonate

Question 32

This part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity, serves as a passageway for air only, and houses the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) and opening of the auditory tube:

Answer 32

Nasopharynx

Question 33

The respiratory system aids in speech production, also known as:

Answer 33

Phonation

Question 34

The goblet cells in the pseudostratified epithelium produce _____ which traps particles and pathogens to prevent them from entering the lower respiratory tract.

Answer 34

Mucus

Question 35

This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood of the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli is known as:

Answer 35

External respiration

Question 36

The functional unit of the kidney is known as a:

Answer 36

Nephron

Question 37

This tube carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder:

Answer 37

Ureter

Question 38

The renal pyramids, as well as some nephrons, are found in this inner region of the kidney:

Answer 38

Renal medulla

Question 39

A person has a respiratory disorder and so isn’t breathing sufficiently, causing a build up of carbon dioxide in their blood. As a result, their blood is becoming:

Answer 39

acidic

Question 40

pH is a measure of H+ in a solution. A pH of 1 or 2 would indicate:

Answer 40

an acidic solution, with a lot of H+

Question 41

This portion of the nephron is a ball of capillaries through which blood passes:

Answer 41

Glomerulus

Question 42

When would ADH be released?

Answer 42

when a person is dehydrated

Question 43

The urinary bladder can stretch to accommodate filling with urine because of this tissue that lines the bladder:

Answer 43

Transitional epithelium

Question 44

These small blood vessels are found surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron:

Answer 44

Peritubular capillaries

Question 45

Which is true of acids?

Answer 45

they have lots of H+ and so can donate or add H+ to a solution

Question 46

This branch off of the abdominal aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys:

Answer 46

Renal artery

Question 47

How many ova are formed from one parent cell?

Answer 47

1

Question 48

This is the single erectile column that surrounds the urethra and forms the glans penis:

Answer 48

Corpus spongiosum

Question 49

On average, how long is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 49

28 days

Question 50

The corpus luteum on the ovary secretes this hormone during the latter portion of the ovarian cycle (luteal phase):

Answer 50

progesterone

Question 51

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 51

Seminiferous tubules in the testes

Question 52

The site of fertilization is the:

Answer 52

ampulla of the fallopian tube

Question 53

Release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary is known as:

Answer 53

ovulation