Unit 5 Flashcards
(52 cards)
What are sutures? When do they fuse?
Fibrous joints that fuse during adulthood
The skull be divided into what two parts?
- Neurocranium
- Viscerocranium
What is the calvarium?
Skull cap (part of the neurocranium)
What may be the reason why adolescent are prone to bad decision making
Underdeveloped prefrontal (mass and connections) cortex so not able to assess risk very well.
What are the bones of the cranium?
- 6 diff bones (8 total) frontal occipital (2) temporal (2) parietal sphenoid ethmoid
What are the bones of the face?
- 9 diff bones (3 singular) vomer hyoid mandible maxilla zygomatic palatine nasal bones inferior nasal chonchae lacrimal
What are the main sutures? What bones are they
in between?
- Coronal suture (between parietal bone and frontal bone)
- Lambdoid suture (between parietal and occipital bone)
What are wormian bones/sutural bones?
When sutures fuse, they sometimes leave islands of bones or sutural bones (wormian bones). No pathological consequences.
What is diploe? Can it be seen on xray? Colour?
- Spongey bone between two layers of compact bone
- Yes, it can be seen sandwiched between external and internal tables of compact table. Being not as dense as bone, they show up as a darker (black) layer in between the white bones
How are the flat bones of the skull (and other locations in the body) formed?
Unlike long bones, flat bones form via intramembranous ossification (the direct production of bone from mesenchyme)
What is endochondryl ossification?
Mesenchyme first produes cartilage shell then gradually replaced by bone
Why is movement at sutures important?
Permit normal brain growth
How do pneumatized (air-filled) bones appear on xray?
Base on density, they appear dark and bear the name of the bone in which they reside.
What is craniosynostosis?
- premature suture ossification
- skull growth is restricted in one direction, and attempts to compensate in another
Where is the pterion? What artery intersects here?
Junction of greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, parietal, frontal bones
- overlies course of anterior division of middle meningeal artery
Where is the lambda?
Point on calvaria at junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
Where is the bregma?
Point on calvaria at the junction of coronal and sagittal sutures
Where is the vertex?
Superior point of neurocranium, in middle with cranium oriented in anatomical plane
Where is asterion?
Star shaped; located at junction of three sutures (parietomastoidm occipitomastoid, and lambdoid)
Where is giabella
Smooth prominence; most marked in males; on frontal bones superior to root of nose; most anterior projecting part of forehead
Where is inion
Most prominent point of external occipital protuberance
Where is nasion
Point on cranium where frontonasal and internasal sutures meet
What are three features of neonate skull?
- Large cranium, relatively small face
- Prominent fontanelles (located at the junction of skull sutures) that are clinically important
- Persistent mandibular division (which fuses to form mandibular symphysis)
Why are fontanelles clinically important? What are the 4 main fontanelles in a baby?
- Gives info about baby’s health such as blood pressure and intracranial pressure. E.g. is anterior fontanelle is protruding or popping out, this indicates high intracranial pressure. If anterior fontanelle is sunken in, this indicates low intracranial pressure or venous pressure, or baby is dehydrated
