Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 101 > unit 5 > Flashcards

unit 5 Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

sexual reproduction

A

promotes genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2N= diploid

A

chromosomes in homologous pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

humans have 2N

A

46 chromosomes, 23 homologous pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

homologous pairs

A

chromosomes that carry info about same characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many autosomes

A

22 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many sex chromosomes

A

1 pair, xx-female xy-male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

n= haploid

A

1 member of each homologous pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

meiosis

A

mitoic division
separation of homologous pairs
2nd miotic division (separation of sister chromatids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

trisomy 21

A

down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

karyotype

A

display of chromosomes in pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

miosis 1

A

prophase I: homologous pais come together to form Tetrads crossing occurs (exchange of genes between homologous pairs)
Metaphase I: homologous pairs line up along metaphase plate
anaphase I: homologous pairs separate and move to opposite side of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chiasma

A

location where crossover occurs in prophase 1 of miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meiosis I

A

prohase II
metaphase II: sister chromatids line up along metaphase plate
anaphase II: sister chromatids move to opposite sides of cell
telophase: haploid daughter cell forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

genetics

A

science of heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gregor mendel

A

father of science of genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phenotype

A

physical characteristics expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

genotype

A

genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

alleles

A

contrasting genes for same characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

genetic variation

A

sexual: crossing over, independent assortment of chromosome pairs, random fertilization
asexual: mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Law of segregation

A

homologous pairs will separate during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

law of independent assortment

A

homologous pairs line up independently of one another at metaphase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

incomplete dominance

A

neither allele is dominant to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

multiple alleles

A

3 or more contrasting genes for the same characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

epistasis

A

one gene influences the phenotypic expression of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
polygenic inheritance
several to many genes collectively produce genotype
26
pedigree analysis
a family history over several to many generations
27
test cross
genetics cross used to determine an unknown genotype
28
fetal testing: amniocentesis
14-16th week of pregnancy body cells in fluid > extracted> fetal cells> karyotype
29
fetal testing: CVS
vacuums cells out of fetus ands tests is (faster and riskier)
30
carrier recognition
determines if person is a carrier of specific genetic disorder
31
newborn screening
PKU
32
gene
unit of hereditary info on a chromosome | sequence of nucleotides which code for a polypeptide
33
mutation
any change in sequence of DNA nucleotides (natural or induced)
34
chromosome maps
display linear order of genes on a chromosome
35
linked genes
genes found on same chromosome
36
linkage maps
based upon rates of crossing over | 1% crossing over=1 map units of distance of chromosome
37
sex-linked genes
genes found on x or y sex chromosomes
38
duchennes muscular dystrophy
unable to produce muscle contracting protein
39
barr body
inactive x chromosome
40
aneuploidy
a chromosome # higher or lower than diploid
41
nondisjuction
failure of a homologous pair of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis
42
turner syndrome
45 chromosome XO female sterile | shorter then average, reprodutive system not properly developed
43
kleinfelter syndrome
47 chromosome XXY male sterile | low levels of testosterone, underdeveloped
44
deletion
the loss of one or more genes on a chromosome
45
inversion
change in linear order of genes
46
translocation
exchange of genes between non homologous chromosomes
47
cri du chat
deletion of chromosome #5 mental disorder
48
extra nuclear genes: mitochondria:
inability to produce ATP in adequate amounts
49
extra nuclear genes: chloroplast
genes can code for specific plant pigments
50
chromosomes
composed of DNA and proteins
51
nucleotides
building blocks of DNA 1. nitrogen base 2. 5 carbon sugar 3. phosphate grouo
52
fragments:
group of lagging strands (away from fork) also known as Okazaki fragments
53
leading strand
formed continuously (towards the fork)
54
RNA primer
several strands of RNA added to the lagging strand, it begins the synthesis of the lagging strand in DNA replication
55
DNA polymerase
connects DNA nucleotide in the 5' to 3' direction
56
telamiere
repetitive sequence of DNA nucleotide which does not code for protein
57
albanism
individual does not produce melanin protein pigment
58
cystic fibrosis
excess build up of mucus on the lining of the lungs and other internal organs
59
sickle cell disease
abnormal hemoglobin
60
pku
excess phenylamine in blood, causes mental retardation
61
tay-sachs disease
excess amount of lipids in brain tissue
62
anchondrosplasia
form of dwarfism
63
huntigtons disease
generative disease of the nervous system, affect individual in midlife
64
RNA
single stranded ribose uracil
65
mRNA
formed on DNA surface | carries code for polypeptide from nucleus to the surface of the small ribosomal subunit
66
CODONS
the nitrogen bases in mRNA are read in groups of 3 nucleotides
67
tRNA
65-75 nucleotides found in cytoplasm attaches to specific amino acid and carries it to surface of the large ribosomal subunit
68
ACC
attachments site for amino acid
69
Function of RNA polymerase
unzips DNA and assembles RNA nucleotide in the 5' to 3' direction
70
exon
coding nucleiotides
71
intron
non coding nucleotides
72
splicesosomes
removes intron and splices together exons
73
Operon System: PROMOTER
1. sequence of nucleotides to which RNA polymerase attaches
74
Operon System: OPERATOR
2. sequence of DNA nucleotides which acts like a switch, if switch is ON synthesis of polypeptide occurs
75
Operon System: GENE
3. a gene(s) which code for polypeptide
76
regulatory gene
sequence for DNA nucleotide which code for repressor protein
77
active repressor
binds to operator and turns it off
78
DNA ligase
enzyme that in the cell repairs single-stranded discontinuities in double stranded DNA molecules
79
transcription
DNA to pre-mRNA
80
translation
tRNA to polypeptide

Bio 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions