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Science 9 > Unit 5: Biological Diversity > Flashcards

Unit 5: Biological Diversity Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are species

A

a group of organisms that have the same structures and can reproduce with one another

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2
Q

What are characteristics of living things

A
  • made of cells
  • need energy
  • grow and develop
  • reproduce
  • adapt to their environment
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3
Q

What is biodiviersity

A

varieties of lifeforms, with their own characteristics and abilities

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4
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things in a shared environment

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5
Q

What is a population

A

when members of a species live in a specific area and share the same resources

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6
Q

What is a community

A

populations of different species live in the same area

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7
Q

Is there variation in species

A

same basic structure, but lots of variation

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8
Q

Where is the greatest species diversity

A

near the equator, further away from the equator means less diversity

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9
Q

What are the five kingdoms

A

Protista, Prokaryote, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

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10
Q

What are Porkaryotae

A

Bacteria

  • round/coccus, rod/bacillus, spiral/spirillum
  • unicellular organisms
  • no sperate nucleus
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11
Q

What are Protista

A
  • unicellular organisms

- have nuclei

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12
Q

What are fungi

A
  • yeast, mould, mushroom
  • can’t create their own food
  • absorb food from environment
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13
Q

What are Plantae

A
  • plants, use photosynthesis
  • multicellular organisms
  • rigid cell wall
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14
Q

What are Animalia

A
  • multicellular organisms
  • capable of locomotion
  • dependants on others for food
  • cells bound by flexible membranes
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15
Q

What is the Hierarchical System in the kingdoms

A 
Kingdom (King)
Phylum (Phillip)
(Subphylum) (Sometimes)
Class (Comes)
Order (Over)
Family (For)
Genus (Great)
Species (Spaghetti)
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16
Q

What system is used to name orgainisms

A
  • the “two-name” system
  • first is genus (capital)
  • then species name
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17
Q

What are the Three different types of interspecies relationship

A

Mutualism - both benefit
Commensalism - One benefits, other neither benefits nor harmed
Parasitism - One benefits, other harmed (usually not killed)

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17
Q

What are the Three different types of interspecies relationship

A

Mutualism - both benefit
Commensalism - One benefits, other neither benefits nor harmed
Parasitism - One benefits, other harmed (usually not killed)

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18
Q

What are the two types of relationships between competing species

A

Interspecies competition - neither benefits, competing for same resource
Resource Partitioning - co-exist, divide resources

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19
Q

What are Niches

A
  • an organism’s habits and habitat
  • what an organism eats, what eats it, habitat, effect on populations and environment

Broad Niche - Can live in a variety of different environments (more likely to survive change)

Narrow Niche - live in specific environment (can be eliminated by one change in ecosystem)

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20
Q

What is natural selection

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A
  • “nature” chooses who will survive to reproduce
  • organisms with the best qualities will survive to reproduce, therefore their offspring will be more likely to have those qualities
21
Q

What is the difference between Heritable and Non-heritable characteristics

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A

Heritable - passed from generation to generation

Non-Heritable - acquired characteristics

22
Q

What is the difference between discrete and Continuous variations

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A

Discrete - one form or the other (hitched thumb)

Continuous - range of forms (height)

23
Q

What are different types of asexual reproduction

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A

Binary Fission - cell splits into 2 identical copies

Budding - parent creates replica, can be attached or detached

Spore Production - division of cells of parent, each spore can produce identical copy of parent

Vegetative Reproduction - Part of parent plant grow into separate plant

23
What are different types of asexual reproduction
Binary Fission - cell splits into 2 identical copies Budding - parent creates replica, can be attached or detached Spore Production - division of cells of parent, each spore can produce identical copy of parent Vegetative Reproduction - Part of parent plant grow into separate plant
24
What is the process of creating an embryo
- Sperm and egg cell are Gametes - Fertilization of egg creates Zygote - Zygote divides into 2 cells, repeated during Cleavage - More cell divisions created Embryo
25
What are the main parts of the stamen
Anthers - carry pollen | Filament - hold up anthers
26
What are the main parts of the pistil
Stigma - sticky surface on top of pistil traps and holds pollen Style - tube-like structure holds up stigma Ovary - contains ovule
27
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cross-pollination
Advantages - genetic variability - Strong evolutionary potential - Adaptation to changing conditions - Successful long-term Disadvantages - can destroy well adapted genes - relies on effective cross-pollination, seed dispersal and establishment
28
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Self-pollination
Advantages - Preserves well-adapted genetics - Insures seed set in the absence of pollinators - Overcomes sterility - Single colonizing individual possible Disadvantages - evolutionary dead end - can't adapt to changes - successful short term
29
What is DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid | - responsible for storing genetic information and passing it on
30
What makes up DNA
- double helix structure (twisted ladder) - the pairs are Guanine, Cytosine (GC) and Adenine and Thiamine (AT) - genetic code is based on their arrangement
31
What are Chromosomes
- DNA packages - located in cell's nucleus - human's have 46 chromosomes - Chromosomes are pairs
32
What is a Karyotype
- a full set of chromosomes
33
What are genes
- a segment of DNA - responsible for inheritance of organism's characteristic features - contains coded instruction
34
What are Alleles
- a possible form of a DNA sequence - Dominant Alleles are capitals - Recessive Alleles are not capitals
35
What is Mitosis
- occurs in body cells of multicellular organisms | - used for growth and repair
36
What is Meiosis
- division of sex cells (gametes) | - creates full set of DNA
37
what is the difference between hybrid and purebred
Hybrid - organism produced by crossing two different purebred parents Purebred - organism whose ancestors have the same trait
38
What are Dominant and Recessive Traits, and Incomplete Dominance
Dominant - outward form observed, two opposite-acting alleles are inherited Recessive - only seen when only non-dominant alleles are inherited Incomplete Dominance - dominant and recessive results in a combination of the two
39
What is a Polygenic trait
- traits determined by several genes working together
40
What is a genotype
- combination of alleles present BB – Homozygous Dominant Bb – Heterozygous Dominant bb – Homozygous Recessive
41
What is a Phenotype
the trait actually expressed
42
what is the difference between Extinction and Extirpation
Extinction - disappearance of every individual of a species | Extirpation - disappearance of a species from an area
43
What are the different levels of Extinction/Extirpation
Endangered - immediate danger of extinction/extirpation Threatened - likely to become extinct/extirpation Special Concern - vulnerable to natural events or human activities
44
What is Overspecialization
- some species have adapted to very small set of environmental conditions - usually occurs in stable area where environment didn't change
45
What are the 4 main Human causes of Extinction
Habitat destruction - caused by urbanization, construction, agricultural development, logging, damming rivers Pollution - pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides Introduction of Non-Native species - competition between species Over-Hunting
46
What is the difference between natural and artificial selection
humans control artificial selection instead of the environment. Artificial selection mainly used to recreate desirable traits
46
What is the difference between natural and artificial selection
humans control artificial selection instead of the environment. Artificial selection mainly used to recreate desirable traits
47
What are the main 4 types of Biotechnology
Biotechnology - use of living things to make products Cloning - genetically identical copy of an entire organism or its cells or genes Artificial insemination - artificial collection and injection of sperm from a male into a female (mainly used for livestock) In vitro Fertilization - fertilization that happens outside the body (usually in Petri dish) Genetic Engineering - intentional altering of DNA of an organism or population of organisms
48
What is the difference between In-situ and Ex-Situ conservation
In-Situ. conservation - the maintenance of wild organisms within their functioning ecosystem Ex-Situ conservation - the maintenance of organisms outside of their ecosystems or natural habitats
49
What are some strategies to conserve biological diversity
Protected Areas - allows organisms to live undisturbed in their natural habitats Restoration of Ecosystems and Species - contribute to restoring and protecting species and habitats Resource use Policies - laws protect species that are endangered or threatened Controlling the Spread of Exotic Species - laws regulate transport of organisms Conservation of genetic Resources - store gene variations

Science 9 (5 decks)

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