Unit 5 FACTS, NOTES, AND INFO Flashcards
Understand Unit 5. (14 cards)
What is:
Agriculture?
(Deliberate modification of …’s surface through cultivation of … and … of animals to obtain … or $ gain)
Deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain
What was the First Agricultural Region like?
Humans transitioned from hunters to permanent settling.
It started in the Fertile Cresent (area in the Middle East)
The earliest crops were Barley and Wheat
What was the Second Agricultural Revolution like?
Major event in world history, known as the cause for the Industrial Revolution (because of increase in food production)
Began in the 17th century
New methods for farming came such as Crop Rotation, the Seed Drill, and the Enclosure Movement which forced small farmers to seek jobs in city factories, which created a larger workforce and therefore, industrialization
What was the Green Revolution like?
It created higher yield plants and lead to the creation of GMOs.
Diffused pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers
Started in Mexico, using hybridzation which breeds plants to have superior characteristics
(An example of hybridzation is IR-36, a hybrid rice which is resistant to various insects and has short growing seasons. It also made the use of water more sustainable)
What are the 2 kinds of agriculture?
Commercial and Subsistence Agriculture
What is:
Commercial Agriculture?
Farming food to sell it, usually in developed countries
What is:
Subsistence Agriculture?
Farming food to survive and feed yourself or your family, usually in developing countries
What are the 3 types of settlement patterns?
Clustered, Dispersed, and Linear
Clustered - In European history, brought strong sense of community
Dispersed - North American, extremely rare agricultural villages
Linear - Easy access to transportation routes for people and goods
What are the 3 survey (measurement) methods?
Metes and Bounds, Township and Range, and Long Lot
Metes and Bounds - In England, irregular shapes, metes used for short distances, bounds for large
Township and Range - American, 6 miles long X 6 miles wide, consisted of 640 acres
Long Lot - Long and Skinny, French, emphasized access to water and trade
How does climate affect agriculture?
It plays a direct role in the type of products grown.
In watery areas like China for example, rice is the most dominant crop.
But in the Mediterranean, grapes and olives are commonly grown there
Are agricultural products part of the global supply chain?
Yes, they are.
Cash crops (like chocolate), have very BOOMING industries.
BUT! These crops are typically grown in developing countries and developing farmers use very poor methods to grow crops
What are Fair Trade Movements?
Movements which try to promote equality for these poor deveoping farmers
Which kinds of countries have more women working in agriculture?
LDCs (Less Developed Countries.). Women played a crucial role in the First Agricultural Revolution because they were engaged in collection plant resources
Where did certain crops originate?
Fertile Crescent (around the Middle East) - Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, and Olives
Southeast Asia - Taro, Mango, Coconut
East Asia - Rice and Soybeans
Central America - Maize, Potato, Squash, and Peppers
Sub Saharan Africa - Yams, Sorghum, and Coffee
