Unit 5 Genetics study guide Flashcards
(25 cards)
Using the letters A/a, given an example of the following:
1. Homozygous: ________
2. Heterozygous: ______
3. Homozygous Recessive: _______
- Homozygous: AA
- Heterozygous: Aa
- Homozygous Recessive: aa
Who is the founding father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Why did Mendel experiment with peas?
they grow quickly, are easy to breed, and have a variety of traits.
Cleft chin (C) is dominant over non-cleft chin (c). What is the PHENOTYPE of an individual with a genotype that is CC?
Cleft Chin
Red fur (R) is dominant over white fur (r). What is the GENOTYPES of a fox with red fur?
RR,Rr
In pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant over wrinkled peas (r). If two Heterozygous round-pea plants are crossed, what are the possible GENOTYPES of the offspring?
Draw punnet square
25% RR & 25% rr & 50% Rr
Male Sex-Chromosome:
XY
Female Sex-Chromosome:
XX
In genetics, sex-linked characteristics, like certain diseases or disorders, are attached to the X or the Y sex chromosome?
X chromosome
Are sex-linked characteristics more prevalent in men or women?
Men
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _______.
Heredity
A(n) __________ cross is a cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits.
monohybrid
Mendel called the offspring of the P generation the ___________ generation.
F1 generation
Different forms of a particular gene are called ____________.
Alleles
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait are called ___________.
Homozygous
An organism´s _____________ refers to the set of alleles it has inherited.
genotype
The external appearance of an organism is its ___________.
phenotype
A trait controlled by three or more alleles is said to have _________ ________.
multiple alleles
A phenomenon in which a heterozygous individual has a phenotype that is blended between the phenotypes of its two homozygous parents is called _____________ ______________
Incomplete dominance
Traits like eye, hair, and skin color are determined by _____________ inheritance.
polygenic
In bears, Brown fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b).
Cross a HETEROZYGOUS bear with (a) WHITE bear. Do the Punnet square. Give the GENOTYPE RATIO of the offspring (For example: G: 3Bb:1bb)
Genotype Ratio: 2Bb:2bb
In bears, Brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). Cross a homozygous dominant bear with a white bear. Do the punnet square. Give the PHENOTYPE RATIO of the offspring.
Phenotype Ratio:
100% Brown fur
0% White fur
A women with type AB blood has a baby with a man with the type O blood. Cross the two parental blood types. What is the chance (in percentage) that the baby has the following blood types: Type A, Type B, and Type AB
Draw a Punnet Square
Type A blood: 50%
Type B blood: 50%
Type AB blood: 0%
Normal skin is dominant over albino skin. The ability to taste cilantro is dominant over the inability to taste. A normally pigmented woman who is a taster has a father who is an albino non-taster.
a. What is the GENOTYPE of the woman (daughter)?
b. What FRACTION of the children will be a taster albino?
c. What FRACTION will be non-taster albinos?
a. NnTt
Explanation: It states her father is a non-taster albino those are both RECESSIVE traits and she is all dominant. Since you ALWAYS take 50% from mom and 50% from dad that means she is a CARRIER of her dads genes. N and T from mom and n and t from dad
b. 3/16
c. 1/16
