Unit 5 Lab Manual

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

Skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

arms and legs

Question 3

Vertebral column

Answer 3

series of bony vertebrae posterior to the ventral body cavity

Question 4

vertebrae

Answer 4

bones of the spine

Question 5

intervertebral discs

Answer 5

cartilage discs that withstand extreme compression, pushing, and other forces

Question 6

what type of cartilage has the function of resisting compression?

Answer 6

fibrocartilage

Question 7

intervertebral foramen

Answer 7

found laterally between adjacent vertebrae

Question 8

what is the purpose of the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 8

to allow for the passage of spinal nerves

Question 9

chronic pain can be caused by…

Answer 9

a bulging disc pressing on a spinal nerve

Question 10

Vertebral foramen

Answer 10

opening in each vertebrae to allow the spinal cord to pass through.

Question 11

vertebral cavity

Answer 11

formed by all of the vertebral foramen

Question 12

Vertebral Body

Answer 12

the large disc-shaped bony portion on the anterior side

Question 13

vertebral arch

Answer 13

the arch of bone emerging from the body of the vertebrae. composed of the pedicles and laminae

Question 14

pedicles

Answer 14

portions of the arch that attach to the vertebral body. Pedicles means little feet and forms the base or feet of the vertebral arch

Question 15

laminae

Answer 15

the portion that connect the two pedicles. Lamina means bridge and the laminae connect the two pedicles like a bridge

Question 16

transverse processes

Answer 16

two lateral processes within the transverse plane coming off the vertebral arch

Question 17

superior articular processes

Answer 17

two processes projecting superiorly

Question 18

inferior articular processes

Answer 18

two processes projecting inferiorly

Question 19

spinous process

Answer 19

medial process that projects posteriorly

Question 20

C1

Answer 20

atlas

Question 21

C2

Answer 21

Axis

Question 22

5 Sections of the spine

Answer 22

Cervical
thoracic
lumbar
(sacral - coccygeal)->fused

Question 23

where are the cervical vertebrae located, and how many are there

Answer 23

neck, 7

Question 24

where are the thoracic vertebrae located and how many are there

Answer 24

inferior to c-spine, 12

Question 25

where are the lumbar vertebrae, and how many are there

Answer 25

lower back, 5

Question 26

transverse foramina

Answer 26

two openings at the base of the transverse process, only found in cervical vertebrae

Question 27

Thoracic vertebrae look like

Answer 27

head of giraffe

Question 28

lumbar vertebrae look like

Answer 28

head of moose

Question 29

dens (odontoid process)

Answer 29

tooth-like superior projection - forms an axis for the atlas to rotate around

Question 30

bony thorax

Answer 30

comprised of the sternum, ribcage, and vertebral column

Question 31

sternum

Answer 31

formed from the fusion of 3 segments, manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Question 32

manubrium

Answer 32

the most superior of the 3 segments of the sternum, resembles the knot of a tie or the letter M

Question 33

Body

Answer 33

the biggest, bulkiest part of the sternum

Question 34

xiphoid process

Answer 34

does not completely ossify in early adulthood and is still mostly hyaline cartilage until our forties.

Question 35

how many set of ribs

Answer 35

12

Question 36

3 kinds of ribs

Answer 36

True ribs false ribs floating ribs

Question 37

how many true ribs

Answer 37

first 7 pairs of ribs

Question 38

how many false ribs

Answer 38

next 3 pairs after true ribs

Question 39

how many floating ribs

Answer 39

last 2 pairs of ribs that do not connect to the sternum