Unit 5 Mods 33-36

Question 1

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 1

An in ability to form new memories

Question 2

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 2

An inability to retrieve information from one’s past

Question 3

Proactive interference

Answer 3

The forward acting disruptive affect of older learning on the recall of new information

Question 4

Retroactive interference

Answer 4

The backward acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information

Question 5

Repression

Answer 5

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Question 6

Reconsolidation

Answer 6

A process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, or potentially altered before being stored again

Question 7

Misinformation effect

Answer 7

Occurs when misleading information has distorted ones memory of an event

Question 8

Source amnesia

Answer 8

Faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined. Source amnesia, along with the miss information affect, is at the heart of many false memories

Question 9

Deja vu

Answer 9

The eerie sense that “I have experienced this before.“ Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Question 10

Cognition

Answer 10

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 11

Concept

Answer 11

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Question 12

Prototype

Answer 12

A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories

Question 13

Creativity

Answer 13

The ability to produce new and valuable ideas

Question 14

Convergent thinking

Answer 14

Narrowing the available problem solution to determine the single best solution

Question 15

Divergent thinking

Answer 15

Expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

Question 16

Algorithm

Answer 16

Methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrast with the usually speedier but also more error-prone use of heuristics

Question 17

Heuristic

Answer 17

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than an algorithm

Question 18

Insight

Answer 18

A sudden realization of a problem solution; contrast a with strategy based solutions

Question 19

Confirmation bias

Answer 19

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions into ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Question 20

Fixation

Answer 20

In cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem-solving

Question 21

Mental set

Answer 21

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often away that has been successful in the past

Question 22

Intuition

Answer 22

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Question 23

Representatives heuristic

Answer 23

Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular Proto types; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

Question 24

Availability heauristic

Answer 24

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come right away to mind we presume such events are common

Question 25

Overconfidence

Answer 25

The tendency to be more confident than correct to over estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

Question 26

Belief perseverance

Answer 26

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed have been discredited

Question 27

Framing

Answer 27

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Question 28

Language

Answer 28

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combined them to communicate meaning

Question 29

Phoneme

Answer 29

In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 30

Morpheme

Answer 30

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; maybe a word or a part of a word

Question 31

Grammar

Answer 31

In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with that and understand others. Semantics in the languages set of rules for derived meaning from sounds, and syntax is it set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

Question 32

Babbling stage

Answer 32

Beginning around for months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously Utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

Question 33

One word stage

Answer 33

The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, During which a child speaks mostly in single words

Question 34

Two word stage

Answer 34

Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development in which a child speaks mostly in two word statements

Question 35

Telegraphic speech

Answer 35

Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - using mostly nouns and verbs

Question 36

Aphasia

Answer 36

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area

Question 37

Brocas area

Answer 37

helps control language expression-- an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

Question 38

Wernickes area

Answer 38

a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe

Question 39

Linguistic determinism

Answer 39

the strong form of Whorf's hypothesis--that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us

Question 40

Linguistic influence

Answer 40

the weaker form of "linguistic relativity"-- the idea that language affects thought