Unit 5 Outline Flashcards
(83 cards)
0
Q
Somatic part of the body includes:
A
- Body wall
- Limbs
- Head
1
Q
The body is designed with what two parts?
A
Somatic and Visceral
2
Q
Visceral part includes ___ ___ and any other organs containing ___ ___
A
Internal organs; smooth muscle
3
Q
How many types of muscle are there?
A
3
4
Q
What are the three types of muscle?
A
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
5
Q
Skeletal muscle has 7 characteristics:
A
- Voluntary
- Straitions
- Parallel fibers
- Somatic location
- Single innervation
- Comprise 40-50% of body weight
- With skeleton make the musculoskeletal system
6
Q
Smooth muscle has 5 characteristics:
A
- Involuntary
- No striations
- Spindle shaped fibers
- Visceral location
- Double innervation
7
Q
Cardiac muscle has 5 characteristics:
A
- Involuntary
- Striations
- Interconnected fibers
- Visceral location
- Double innervation
8
Q
Muscles can ___(pull) but not ___(push)
A
Shorten; elongate
9
Q
Muscles can often work in _____ _____
A
Antagonistic pairs
10
Q
Muscles can function in these 4 types:
A
- Prime mover
- Antagonistic
- Synergist
- Fixator
11
Q
Prime mover
A
Primarily responsible for a movement
12
Q
Antagonist
A
Opposes the prime mover
13
Q
Synergist
A
Steadies the joint
14
Q
Fixator
A
Immobilizes a joint
15
Q
Muscles exhibit these 4 characteristics:
A
- Excitability
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
16
Q
The muscle is covered by ___ (blends into deep fascia)
A
Epimysium
17
Q
The ___ is the fat part of the muscle
A
Belly
18
Q
Muscle has two points of attachment:
A
- Origin
2. Insertion
19
Q
Origin
A
The less movable part of attachment
20
Q
Insertion
A
The more movable part of attachment
21
Q
The muscle is composed of ___ _____ (fibers)
A
Visible fasicles
22
Q
Fasicles are surrounded by ____
A
Perimysium
23
Q
Fasicles are composed of ____(cells)
A
Fibers
24
Fibers are surrounded by ___
Perimysium
25
Fibers are composed of ___
Fibrils
26
Fibers contain cell___
Organelles
27
The 5 organelles of the fibers are:
1. Plasma membrane(sarcolemma)
2. Cytoplasm(sarcoplasm)
3. Mitochondria
4. T-tubules
5. Lateral sacs
28
T-tubules ____ the ____ of the muscle cell
Signal; interior
29
Lateral sacs store ___
Calcium
30
Fibrils are bundles of ____ ____
Protein filaments
31
Filaments include:
1. Thick
| 2. Thin
32
Thick filaments are composed of ____
Myosin
33
Thin filaments are composed of ____
Actin
34
Actin contains ____ ____
Myosin binding sites
35
Two forms of actin in thin filaments are:
1. G-actin (globular)
| 2. F-actin (fiberous)
36
Myosin contains:
1. Cross- bridges
2. ATP binding sites
3. Actin binding sites
37
Troponin is a ____ protein with ___ binding sites
Regulatory; Ca
38
Tropomyosin is a ____ protein
Regulatory
39
Elastic filaments are made of ____ extend s through the middle of _____ filaments
Titian; thick
40
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium join at the ends of the muscle to form ___
Tendons
41
A sat commerce is a unit of ____
Contraction
42
A sarcomere is composed of ____ and ____ _____
Thick; thin filaments
43
A sarcomere is ____ ____ long
2.0 microns
44
Striations are ___ and ____ bands
Light; dark
45
Striations have 2 bands:
1. A-band
| 2. I-band
46
The A-band includes:
1. A light H-zone
| 2. Two dark bands
47
The I-band includes:
1. One light band
| 2. A Z-line (Z-disk)
48
Muscle tissue has two elements:
1. Contractile
| 2. Non- contractile
49
Non-contractile elements include:
1. Connective tissue
2. Vessels
3. Fat
4. Cell structures
50
The thick filaments ___ across the thin filaments
Slide
51
ATP is required to:
1. Set and bend cross-bridges
2. Release cross-bridges
3. Transport Ca++ into lateral sacs
52
Muscles convert ____% of their chemical energy to work and ___% to heat
20; 80
53
As work increases, oxygen consumption ____
Increases
54
During muscle work an ____ ____ results
Oxygen debt
55
Eventually work continues to ____ although oxygen consumption does not increase further
Increase
56
Sources of ATP include:
1. Creatine phosphate
2. Glycolysis
3. Krebs cycle
4. ETS
57
Creatine phosphate is generated by an _____, creatine phosphokinase
Enzyme
58
Three forms of creatine phosphokinase are:
1. MM in skeletal muscle
2. BB in central nervous system
3. MB in cardiac muscle
59
Glycolysis
Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid
60
Glycolysis may begin with:
1. Muscle glycogen
| 2. Blood borne glucose
61
Glycolysis produces some __
ATP
62
Glycolysis generates pyruvic acid which has two fates:
1. Becomes lactic acid in fermentation
| 2. Enters the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration
63
Krebs cycle and ETS may begin with:
1. Glycolysis
2. Fatty acids
- blood borne
- come from muscle fat
64
Krebs cycle and ETS requires ____ from:
Oxygen; breathing; myoglobin
65
Krebs cycle and ETS generates:
Carbon dioxide
66
____ ____ is the oxygen needed after muscle work
Oxygen debt
67
Oxygen debt is the oxygen needed after muscle work to:
1. Replace oxygen reserves
2. Generate creatine phosphate
3. Oxidize lactic acid
4. Generate ATP needed by higher metabolism following muscle work
68
Active state is ____ ____
Muscle contraction
69
Tension is the force of ____
Stretching
70
Internal tension does what?
Stretches the elastic elements
71
External tension is ____ on the ____
Exerted;load
72
In an isotonic contraction:
1. Tension is constant
| 2. Length changes
73
In an isometric contraction:
1. Length is constant
| 2. Tension changes
74
A motor unit is a group of ___ ____ innervated by one ____
Muscle fibers;neuron
75
The more ___ ____ contracting the greater the ___ of contraction
Motor unit;strength
76
A muscle twitch is a single contraction with 3 parts:
1. Latent period
2. Contraction period
3. Relaxation period
77
Latent period
The muscle does not shorten
78
Contraction period
The muscle shortens
79
Relaxation period
The muscle relaxes and elongates
80
Tetanus is a
Sustained contraction of a muscle
81
Tonus is a
Constant partial contraction of a muscle
82
Treppe is a
Stronger contraction after a second stimulus
