Unit 5: Part 1

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade

Question 2

Climate

Answer 2

The long term weather patterns in a region

Question 3

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 3

Mainly used to grow enough food and raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and their family

Question 4

Commercial agriculture

Answer 4

To grow enough crops and raise enough livestock to sell for profit

Question 5

Intensive agriculture

Answer 5

Use large amounts of inputs to maximize yields

Question 6

Extensive agriculture

Answer 6

Fewer inputs and less yields

Question 7

Intensive commercial agriculture

Answer 7

Heavy investments in labor and capital usually resulting in high yields and profits

Question 8

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 8

Often labor and animal intensive

Question 9

Extensive subsistent agriculture

Answer 9

Few inputs and often practiced in areas with climatic extremes

Question 10

Extensive commercial agriculture

Answer 10

Low inputs of resources but has the goal of selling the profit for profit

Question 11

Capital

Answer 11

Money invested in land, equipment, and machines

Question 12

Pastoral nomadism

Answer 12

Arid and semi-arid climate and mostly based on animals for survival

Question 13

Shifting cultivation

Answer 13

When the oil in one field loses fertility the farmers move to another field

Question 14

Plantation

Answer 14

A large commercial farm that specializes in one crop

Question 15

Mixed crop and livestock farming

Answer 15

An intensive commercial integrated system that demonstrates an interdependence between crops and animals

Question 16

Grain farming

Answer 16

In dry regions farmers often raise wheat

Question 17

Commercial gardening

Answer 17

Growth of certain things for profit

Question 18

Market gardening

Answer 18

Fruits and veggies are grown near urban markets and sold to local stores, restaurants, etc.

Question 19

Dairy farming

Answer 19

Local farms that supply products to customers in small geographic areas

Question 20

Milk shed

Answer 20

The geographic distance milk is delivered

Question 21

Mediterranean agriculture

Answer 21

Practices in regions with hot dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and often some irrigation

Question 22

Transhumance

Answer 22

Seasonal herding of animals from high ground in the summer to low ground in the winter

Question 23

Livestock ranching

Answer 23

Commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area

Question 24

Clustered (nucleated) settlements

Answer 24

Clustered homes surrounded by fields with crops and animals

Question 25

Dispersed settlements

Answer 25

Usually in north america and lots of cattle and the US gave them the land if they agreed to live on it for several years to promote westward expansion

Question 26

Linear settlement

Answer 26

Homes are located close to transport or a body of water

Question 27

Metes and Bounds

Answer 27

Metes were used for short distances and often referred to features of specific points and bounds covered larger area and were based off larger things like streams or roads

Question 28

Public Land Survey System/Township & Range System

Answer 28

Created rectangular plots of consistent size

Question 29

Townships

Answer 29

Areas six miles by six miles

Question 30

Section

Answer 30

Each square mile

Question 31

French long-lot system

Answer 31

Farms are long thin section of land that run perpendicular to a river

Question 32

First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution

Answer 32

The origin of farming marked by the domestication of plants and animals

Question 33

Animal domestication

Answer 33

Originated in central asia and is humanizing animals for use

Question 34

Plant domestication

Answer 34

After domestication of animals, seeds, stems

Question 35

Fertile Crescent

Answer 35

The first major hearth of agriculture in southwest asia

Question 36

Independent innovation

Answer 36

Crops and animals domesticated in multiple regions with no interaction among the people

Question 37

Columbian Exchange

Answer 37

The global movement of plants and animals between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas

Question 38

Second Agricultural Revolution

Answer 38

Used the advances of the industrial revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth

Question 39

Enclosure Acts

Answer 39

A series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use

Question 40

Crop rotation

Answer 40

The process of rotating which crops are being planted in a sequence to restore nutrients back into the soil

Question 41

Irrigation

Answer 41

The process of applying controlled amounts of water using human made methods other than rainwater

Question 42

Third Agricultural Revolution

Answer 42

Expanded mechanics of farming, developed new global agricultural systems, and used technology to further advance agriculture

Question 43

Green Revolution

Answer 43

The advances in plant biology in the mid 20th century

Question 44

Hybridization

Answer 44

The process of breeding two seed that have desirable characteristics to create one seed with both characteristics

Question 45

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Answer 45

Humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed to resist diseases, increase yields, and withstand pesticides