Unit 5 Part 2 - Terminology

Question 1

intelligence (3)

Answer 1

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

general intelligence (g)

Answer 2

underlies all mental abilities, so measured by every task on an intelligence test (Spearman)

Question 3

factor analysis

Answer 3

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related factors on a test
identify different dimensions of performance
L. L. Thurstone with seven clusters of mental capacity

Question 4

savant syndrome

Answer 4

a person who excels in one specific skill but is otherwise limited in mental ability

Question 5

grit

Answer 5

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

Question 6

emotional intelligence (4)

Answer 6

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 7

intelligence test

Answer 7

assesses an individual’s mental aptitudes and compares them to others using numerical scores

Question 8

achievement test

Answer 8

assesses what a person has learned
AP exams

Question 9

aptitude test

Answer 9

designed to predict a person’s future performance
ACT

Question 10

mental age

Answer 10

a measure of intelligence for children based on how intelligent they are compared to others their age
not accurate for older people
ex: an average 8 year old has a mental age of 8

Question 11

Stanford-Binet

Answer 11

the american revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 12

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 12

IQ=mental age/chronological age•100
works well for children, not for adults

Question 13

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 13

modern widely used intelligence test
15 subtests
individual scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, processing speed

Question 14

standardization

Answer 14

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison of performance of a pretested group

Question 15

normal curve, bell curve

Answer 15

bell-shaped curve that describes distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
0.1, 2.5, 13.5, 34, 34, 13.5, 2.5, 0.1
95% of people within 30 pts of IQ 100
68% of people within 15 pts of IQ 100

Question 16

reliability (and how it is assessed)

Answer 16

extent to which a test yields consistent results
assessed by consistency of scores on two halves of test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting

Question 17

validity

Answer 17

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 18

content validity

Answer 18

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
ex: driver’s test, course exams

Question 19

predictive validity, criterion-related validity (and how it is assessed)

Answer 19

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior

Question 20

cohort

Answer 20

group of people sharing the same characteristic
ex: all from the same time period

Question 21

crystallized intelligence

Answer 21

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
increases with age

Question 22

fluid intelligence

Answer 22

ability to reason speedily and abstractly
decreases with age, faster as you get older

Question 23

cross-sectional study

Answer 23

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 24

longitudinal study

Answer 24

research that follows and retests the same people over time

Question 25

intellectual disability (and how it is diagnosed)

Answer 25

condition of limited mental ability
indicated by intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to demands of life
initially called mental retardation

Question 26

Down Syndrome

Answer 26

condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders
caused by extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 27

conceptual skills

Answer 27

language, reading
concepts of money, time, and numbers

Question 28

social skills

Answer 28

interpersonal skills, being socially responsible, following basic rules and laws, avoiding being victimized

Question 29

practical skills

Answer 29

health and personal care, occupational skills, travel

Question 30

3 kinds of life skills

Answer 30

conceptual, social, practical

Question 31

Flynn effect

Answer 31

the trend of increasing intelligence scores over time
leads to restandardization of test scores every now and then

Question 32

heritability

Answer 32

proportion of variation among individuals in a group that can be attributed to genes
intelligence is polygenetic

Question 33

growth mindset

Answer 33

the idea that intelligence levels can be changed

Question 34

2 definitions of bias

Answer 34

test validity or innate differences in intellect
innate performance differences caused by differences in culture

Question 35

stereotype threat

Answer 35

self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Question 36

expectancy effect

Answer 36

self-fulfilling prophecy
if someone is expected to do bad (either internal or external) they will

Question 37

Terman Gifted Study

Answer 37

longitudinal study that examined the characteristics and development of gifted children into adulthood