Unit 5 Practice questions Flashcards
A client who experienced a traumatic head injury from a severe blow to the back of his head now lives with numerous function deficits, including an inability to maintain steady posture while he is in a standing position, although he is steadier when walking. Which of the following disorders most likely resulted from his injury?
a) A vestibulocerebellar disorder
b) Cerebellar tremor
c) A lower motor neuron lesion
d) Cerebellar dystaxia
a) A vestibulocerebellar disorder
A client has started having uncontrolled seizures that are not responding to usual medications. Nursing working with the client must pay special attention to which of the following priority aspects of this client’s care? Assessment of:
a) Urine output and continence
b) Respiratory status and oxygen saturation
c) Ability to grasp hands and squeeze on command
d) ECG for arrhythmias
b) Respiratory status and oxygen saturation
A 60-year-old client’s long history of poorly controlled hypertension has culminated in a diagnosis of retinal detachment. What type of retinal detachment is this client most likely to have experienced?
a) Traction retinal detachment
b) Rhegmatogenous detachment
c) Posterior vitreous detachment
d) Exudative retinal detachment
d) Exudative retinal detachment
A 44-year-old woman has sought care for the treatment of headaches that have been increasing in severity and frequency and has been subsequently diagnosed with migraines. Which of the following teaching points should her care provider emphasize?
a) “Weight loss and exercise are very important components of your treatment.”
b) “It would be helpful for you to take control of your diet, sleep schedule, and stress levels.”
c) “Stopping all of your current medications, even temporarily, should provide some relief.”
d) “Your headaches are likely a result of a nerve disorder and, unfortunately, cannot be treated successfully.”
b) “It would be helpful for you to take control of your diet, sleep schedule, and stress levels.”
A hospital client has been reluctant to accept morphine sulfate despite visible signs of pain. Upon questioning, the client reveals that he is afraid of becoming addicted to the drug. How can a member of the care team best respond to the client’s concern?
a) “If you start needing higher doses to control your pain, then we’ll address those concerns.”
b) “You might become addicted, but there are excellent resources available in the hospital to deal with that development.”
c) “You should likely prioritize the control of your pain over any fears of addiction that you have.”
d) “There’s only a minute chance that you will become addicted to these painkillers.”
d) “There’s only a minute chance that you will become addicted to these painkillers.”
During physiology class, the instructor asks students to explain the pathology behind development of multiple sclerosis. Which student gave the most accurate description?
a) Muscle necrosis with resultant increase in fat/connective tissue replacing the muscle fibers
b) Autoimmune disease where antibody loss of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction causes decrease motor response
c) The demyelination and subsequent degeneration of nerve fibers and decreased oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction
d) Atherosclerotic destruction of circulation to the brain resulting in lactic acid buildup that affects nerve transmission
c) The demyelination and subsequent degeneration of nerve fibers and decreased oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction
Parents with a profoundly deaf child ask, “How can you test such a young infant for hearing loss?” The health care provider will likely explain which of the following testing procedures? Select all that apply.
a) Tuning fork
b) Audioscope
c) Playing music and slowly increasing the sound until response is elicited
d) EEG with auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs)
e) PET scanning
a) Tuning fork
b) Audioscope
d) EEG with auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs)
More complex patterns of movements, such as throwing a ball or picking up a fork, are controlled by which portion of the frontal lobe?
a) Supplementary motor cortex
b) Primary motor cortex
c) Premotor cortex
d) Reflexive circuitry
c) Premotor cortex
The family of a multiple sclerosis client asks, “What psychological manifestations may we expect to see in our mother?” The health care provider informs them to expect which of the following? Select all that apply.
a) Depression
b) Inattentiveness
c) Forgetfulness
d) Delirium
e) Hallucinations
a) Depression
b) Inattentiveness
c) Forgetfulness
Which of the following statements by the husband of a client with Alzheimer disease demonstrates an accurate understanding of his wife’s medication regimen?
a) “I learned that if we are vigilant about her medication schedule, she may not experience the physical effects of her disease.”
b) “I’m really hoping these medications will slow down her mental losses.”
c) “We’re both holding out hope that this medication will cure her Alzheimer’s.”
d) “I know that this won’t cure her, but we learned that it might prevent a bodily decline while she declines mentally.”
b) “I’m really hoping these medications will slow down her mental losses.”
While explaining the somatosensory cortex to a group of nursing students, the instructor asks, “What is involved in the final processing of somatosensory information?” The correct response includes: Select all that apply.
a) Autonomic nervous system
b) Discrimination of intensity
c) Pacinian corpuscle receptors
d) Full localization
e) Interpretation of somatosensory stimuli
b) Discrimination of intensity
d) Full localization
e) Interpretation of somatosensory stimuli
Whenever possible, the IV nurse at the hospital applies a topical anesthetic to reduce sensation at the site while inserting IV cannulas. What client is at greatest risk for systemic absorption of the topical anesthetic?
a) A 4-day-old neonate
b) A 79-year-old client with poor skin turgor
c) A 40-year-old client with liver disease
d) A client who is immunocompromised
a) A 4-day-old neonate
The nurse is caring for a child receiving a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant who was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit following repeated seizures after a closed head injury. The physician orders phenytoin to control seizures and lorazepam to be administered every time the child has a seizure. What is the nurse’s priority action?
a) Call the doctor and question the administration of phenytoin.
b) Wait 24 hours before beginning to administer lorazepam.
Chapter 23
c) Call the doctor and question the administration of lorazepam.
d) Wait 24 hours before beginning to administer phenytoin.
a) Call the doctor and question the administration of phenytoin.
The nurse is preparing to administer the patient’s first dose of trihexyphenidyl (Artane). What will the nurse tell the patient about the dosage?
a) “Initial dose is 6 mg to establish serum levels and then 1 mg is taken daily.”
b) “ Take 1 to 2 mg orally every day starting with first dosage.
c) “Initial dose is 1 to 2 mg and then dosage is titrated up to manage symptoms of disease.”
d) “A 5-mg dose is taken orally twice a day starting with first dose.”
c) “Initial dose is 1 to 2 mg and then dosage is titrated up to manage symptoms of disease.”
The patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident and experienced a severe closed head injury resulting in increased intracranial pressure. While intubating the patient, his or her heart rate dropped and did not return to acceptable levels after the tube was in place so the nurse received an order to administer atropine. The physician is performing an exam to determine whether brain death has occurred. What assessment for brain death will be postponed until all atropine is excreted and no longer exerting an effect.
a) Brainstem reflexes
b) Computed tomographic scan of the brain
c) Pupil response
d) Electroencephalogram
c) Pupil response
