Unit 5: Social Influence Flashcards

Question

What are the other factors that influence obedience in Milgram?

Answer 1

1. participants were told the shocks weren't harmful 2. participants had volunteered and paid to take part - increasing feel of obligation 3. participants never done psychological study before (ambiguous situation so more compliance) 4. momentum of compliance - only small increase each time so didn't feel drastic

Answer 2

FEDS familiarity of the situation, education, social support, distance

Answer 3

in Milgram, social support was a situational factor and lowered obedience levels because when you had an ally you have a higher chance of following suit. Rank and Jacobsen et al. (1977) replicated Hoflings study but allowed the nurses to have an ally and obedience levels dropped.

Answer 4

when in unfamiliar situations we follow orders as we don't know how to behave. the nurses in Hofling et al. (1977) did not know of the drug before. the nurses were given the results so that they can be encouraged to question authority figures if they feel the orders are wrong.

Answer 5

Milgram showed that the proximity of the authority figure is central to obedience. as the distance increased, impact is lessened. teaching us to walk away from uncomfortable situations and prevent blind obedience.

Answer 6

when you are familiar with research we can stop blind obedience in the future, allowing us to resist it and gives insight to our own behavior. many organisations give education programs to support employees wanting to question authority.

Answer 7

prevent blind obedience

Answer 8

1. a participant was placed on a table with confederates 2. experimenter showed group a card of 3 lines and a second card with 1 line 3. experimenter asked them to pick the line most similar to the second card 4. all confederates lied and said something completely wrong 5. participants heard the confederates and sometimes picked the same as them

Answer 9

normative social influence 1 confederate - conformity 3% 2 confederates - conformity 13% 3 confederates - conformity 32%

Answer 10

size of majority, unanimity of majority, task difficulty/ambiguity

Answer 11

someone who is in on the experiment

Answer 12

greater majority makes a greater influence they have on your behaviour - only up to point

Answer 13

if the change is not unanimous you have social support. Asch found if all confederates picked the wrong like but one picked the right one the participant could build courage to say the right answer.

Answer 14

if the task is difficult we look to others for the right answer - informative social influence. Asch found that when the answer was obvious the conformity rate was low but when lines were very similar and hard to tell the rate of conformity was higher since it was ambiguous.

Answer 15

he conducted a feild experiemnt to investigate bystander behavior and the variables that affect whether people help others in need. this was struck after the murder of kitty genovese which reported bystanders ignored despite her cries. he wanted to see why some people fail to be good samaritans

Answer 16

to investigate helping behaviour in a natural environment and understand the conditions in which people are likely to help

Answer 17

4500 male and female passengers 4 groups of 4 students each from columbia, 2 male actors and 2 female observers. 1 male victim, 1 male model.

Answer 18

1. new york subway between 11-3 were the participants of the covert observation 2. the victim entered the train and the model was sitting in the same car (this was the critical area) 3. in the next car was the 2 female observers who recorded the characteristics (sex, race) of the helpers and how long it took for them to provide assistance before the model would 3. they repeated it 103 times with 2 victims. one sober and with a cane, and one drunk with a bottle wrapped in the brown paper bag

Answer 19

62/65 of the helpers helped when the victim was holding a cane before the model stepped in but only 19/38 helped for the drunk man. this proves that people are more likely to help if ill than drunk because the cost of helping is less, and they also feel the fault is on the drunk person themselves for putting themselves in that situation 90% of the first helpers were males, which shows that men are more likely to help than females because they feel the cost of helping is higher 64% of the first helpers were white and theres a tendency for same race helping diffusion of responsibility wasn't found in this experiment as the more people the more tendency to help

Answer 20

they set up a mock prison in order to investigate the conditions under which people become aggresive. since prisons in US had lots of conflict between guards and inmates they wanted to understand how the conflicts arose. as they normally blame the prisoners for being evil people but others disagreed saying it was the close contact between the prisoners and guards that caused it.

Answer 21

to investigate prisoner-guard conflict in a simulated prison environment

Answer 22

1. advert was places in newspaper asking for volunteers to take part into a study of prison life 2. from 75 respondents 22 were picked. one dropped out so 11 guards and 10 prisoners. all male college students paid 15$ a day 3. simulated prison was setup in the basement of stanford for 2 weeks (3 cells, yard, guardroom, closet for solitary confinement and a room for recording) 4. the guards were breifed before to maintain order in the prison but no instructions on how to behave and were dressed in uniforms and given batons. the prisoners were arrested by real officers at their homes and handcuffed. they were blindfolded and driven to be stripped and deloused to wear a muslin smock with their number and were referred to by this number throughout. 5. they spent lots of time in their cells but were given a few privileges like family visits and a movie 6. 3 guards worked 8 hour shifts and did a prisoner count at the start of every shift

Answer 23

after a only a few hours the guards because increasingly aggressive and controlling and increased throughout the study. prisoners were punished with pushups, solitary confinement and verbally assaulted. the second day the prisons rebelled by baricading their cells and stopped by the guards who used a fire extinguisher to break into the cells and put the ringleaders to solitary confinement some prisoners were passive and some were rebellious and some guards were aggressive and some were more reluctant to engage in conflict the study stopped after 6 days as it escalated too far and many prisoners were showing signs of anxiety and depression. one left by the second day.

Answer 24

the prisoners became submissive and passive and the guards were aggressive and hostile. the uniforms deindividuated them and they lost their personal identity and adopted the ones they were given. the prisoners were humiliated through punishments.

Answer 25

cultures that have emphasis on independence, autonomy and individuality

Answer 26

cultures that have emphasis on group membership, interdependence and cooperation

Answer 27

a set of traditions, beliefs and values shared by a group of people.

Answer 28

a group of people in a community

Answer 29

a social problem or conflict that affects a community of people

Unit 5: Social Influence Flashcards

(53 cards)