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AP Euro > Unit 5 Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 5 Study Guide Flashcards

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0
Q

Facts about the Compte Rendu

A 
Jacques Necker wrote it for Louis XVI
Was made public
Had 3 ideas:
Not pay debt to American Revolution
Not pay pensions
No need for taxing peasantry
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1
Q

Causes of the crisis leading up to the French Revolution

A 
Louis XV- lost 7 yrs' war
Renè Maupeou- abolished parlements
Louis XVI + Marie Antoinette
Then they are way in debt because of the American Revolution
Famine+ bitterly cold winter
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2
Q

Makeup of the Estates General & reasons for its convening in 1789

A 
1= clergy
2= nobles
3= bourgeoise
     Peasantry
     Urban workers
Louis XVI invited them to fix the financial crisis
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3
Q

Financial reforms of Charles Calonne

A

More free-trade enterprise/ less barriers
Lower taxes like Gabelle( tax on salt)
Transform the corveé from labor to $
Make the taille (land tax) universal

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4
Q

1st & 2nd Estates attempts to limit rights of 3rd Estate

A

3 proposals:
Voting by representatives
Voting by estates
Doubling the Third was another proposal

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5
Q

Grievances included as part of the cashiers de doleances

A

Similar, despite differences of classes
Govt waste, equitable taxation, wanted to meet regularly, hunting rights, church is corrupt, civic rights, freedoms of: speech, press, to gather, etc
ELIMINATION OF PRIVILEGE

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6
Q

Creation of the National Assembly

A

The 3rd estate was frustrated, knew that the estates General wasn’t working, and left to make the National Assembly on their own, but they also invited sympathetic 1st and 2nd estate members.

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7
Q

Facts about the Tennis Court Oath

A

The National Assembly was locked out of their regular hangout, so they met on a Tennis Court, and vowed to:
Keep meeting until they drafted a constitution

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8
Q

Reasons for riots in winter of 1788 & spring of 1789

A

Food shortages, rising cost of grain

Famine of 88

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9
Q

Facts about and significance of the Storming of the Bastille

A

July 14,1789
60 people killed, angry crowd riots
The people need gunpowder
This was the STARTING EVENT of the French Revolution

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10
Q

The Great Fear

A

Food would be taken by nobles

Never actually happened, but that didn’t stop the people from attacking first

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11
Q

The Night of August 4th

A

First step: announcement that the Ancien Regime is over; Feudalism is abolished

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12
Q

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

A

Liberty, Property, Security, Resistance to Oppression

Women excluded

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13
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A

l’ami du peuple

Rallies people, prints execution lists, killed by Charlotte Corday

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14
Q

The “October Days”

A

Fearsome fish ladies march to Versailles after Marat says that king’s party = trampling the tricolor

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15
Q

National Constituent Assembly and it’s preferred form of gov’t

A

Created from tennis court oath

Wanted constitutional monarchy

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16
Q

Characteristics & facts about the Constitution of 1791

A

Limited monarchical authority
Made Legislative Assembly
Active/ passive citizens:
50,000 out of 25 mil were eligible

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17
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Women

A

By Olympe de Gouges
wanted education, recognition as citizens
Said women were vital to revolution

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18
Q

Examples of economic reforms during the Reconstruction of France

A

Deregulation of trade
Metric system
Assignats( inflation- backfired)

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19
Q

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A 
Placed French Catholic Church directly under state control 
Only 83 bishops now
Clergy elected
Created jurying and refractory clergy
Huge blunder
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20
Q

Roman Catholic Church’s view of the Revolution

A

Pope Pius VI condemned it

Very opposed- duh- because of civil constitution of the clergy

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21
Q

Émigrés

A

Self-exiles during early revolution
Aristocracy, refractory clergy, and pro-royalists
Spread word of “French Plague”

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22
Q

Characteristics and facts about the Jacobins

A

Broad group- lead the LA

Included Montagnards and Girondists

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23
Q

Facts about the Sans Culottes and their goals and methods

A

Wanted relief of food shortages and social equality
Wanted a republic- like Rousseau
Crowd action

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24
The September Massacres
France was getting beat on the warfront, so they have to make sure there are no domestic threats- 1200 people in prisons slaughtered
25
Challenges facing the French revolutionary gov't by 1793
Monarchy, counter-revolutionary activities, religious divisions, economic crises, war, political factionalism
26
The Declaration of Pillnitz
Warning from Austria and Prussia saying that if the royal family got harmed in any way, they would intervene militarily
27
The National Convention and its actions
August 10th 1792- Storming of the Tuileries | First action was :September 21 1782- Declares France a REPUBLIC
28
Countries at war w/ France by 1793
Britain, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia
29
Edmund Burke's view of the French Revolution
Said French didn't know what they were doing Predicted lots of problems Dangerous/ not comparable to the American revolution
30
The Partitions of Poland
French ideals spread to Poland- Prussia and Russia tried to stop it Polish went and fought for the French later
31
Levee en masse
Tried to involve EVERYBODY in the army somehow
32
Ways in which the French Republic attempted to achieve a "Republic of Virtue"
Repression of women Dechristianization Revolutionary tribunals
33
Values important to the Republic of Virtue
Terror is a necessary evil Community over individual Deism Repression of women
34
The Committee of Public Safety and its purpose
12 members | To lead French Revolution, defend French Republic
35
Facts about the Reign of Terror
Tribunals for foreign and domestic threats Led by Robespierre GUILLOTINE was tool 20,000 killed
36
Law of 22 Prairial
Suspended due process so they could kill people faster. | Made the reign of terror now known as the great terror
37
Facts about Robespierre
Staunch republican In charge of committee of public safety Wanted to punish enemies Created cult of the supreme being and the republic of virtue Wanted religion to be rational, not supernatural "Incorruptible" Got guillotined
38
Results of the Thermidorian Reaction
Tempering of revolution Started with robespierre's death Paris jacobin clubs were closed Sans-culottes sidelined
39
"Bands of Jesus" and the White Terror
Tribunals against the sans- culottes | Purification
40
Women's rights before and after the Revolution
Had more rights before than after
41
Facts about Napoleon Bonaparte
From Corsica Climbed the social ladder through military Major victory was Battle of Toulan- when he became a general Was a jacobin - favored the revolution 1799- overthrew directory with abbé sieyes
42
Results of the Coup of 18 Brumaire
The council of 500 leaves, Napoleon becomes a consul
43
Treaty of Campo Formio
Austria now out of conflict, Napoleon gets Switzerland
44
The Battle at Abukir
1st major defat, traps Napoleon in Egypt. | Horatio Nelson kicks Napoleon's butt
45
Ways in which Napoleon attempted to suppress foreign & domestic opposition
General amnesty, prefects, secret police, legion of honor, kidnaps duke of Enghien- a bourbon, concordat of 1801 Treaty of Luneville Treaty of Amiens
46
The Concordat of 1801, facts, its purpose, and results:
Pope got to declare France officially catholic and Napoleon got: All clergy resigned, loyal clergy appointed as state employees
47
Facts about the Napoleonic Code
``` Aka civil code of 1804 Standardized laws Abolished feudalism + primogenitor Stamped out notion of gender equality- males are supreme Forbade worker unions ```
48
Facts regarding Napoleon becoming the Emperor of France
Coup of 18 Brumaire/ coup of 18 fructidor Was 1st consul, then consul for life RATIFIED THROUGH PLEBISCITE on December 2nd 1804 Jacques Louis David painted it
49
The Battle of Trafalgar
Off Spanish coast Nelson whips Napoleon's butt but also dies Napoleon has to give up any hope of beating the British on water
50
Prime Minister of Britain during the French Revolution
William Pitt the younger
51
Peace of Amiens
1802 Really just a truce between Britain and France | Napoleon's early action to dispel tension and get stability
52
Napoleon's victories in Central Europe
Vs. Austria- battle of Ulm Vs. Austria and Russia- battle of Austerlitz Vs. Prussia- battle of Jena Vs. Russia- battle of Friedland
53
The Confederation of the Rhine and its significance
Created with treaty after the battle of Austerlitz, when Austria cleared out of Italy. End of HRE 1806
54
Treaty of Tilsit
Favorable to Russia | Russia becomes ally of Napoleon
55
Facts about the Continental System
Economic blockade - huge risk Forbade allies of Napoleon from trading with Britain Portugal not included
56
The 100 Days
Napoleon's return from Elba
57
Napoleon's wives
Josephine- didn't produce an heir- got mansion and $ | Marie Louise- daughter of Austrian Francis I (aka Francis II when he ruled HRE)
58
Napoleon and his family as rulers
Only trusted his family- appointed brothers and sisters as rulers of his vast territory Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles - his son - became the King of Rome
59
Napoleon's brothers rule in the kingdom of Westphalia
Constitutionally | DONT WORRY ABOUT THIS QUESTION
60
Prussia's response to Napoleon's Empire
``` NATIONALISM constitutional monarchy Abolished serfdom 42,000 soldiers deal Led to >270,000 troops ```
61
Facts about Napoleon's Peninsular Campaign
Spain sends Sir Arthur Wellesley (aka Duke of Wellington)- guerrilla warfare Napoleon becomes weak
62
Facts about Napoleon's Russian Campaign
>600,000 troops into Russia, only about 97,000 come back Scorched Earth - Moscow also lit on fire Battle of Borodino- deadlock Winter took tons of soldiers on their retreat
63
The Battle of Nations
Aka battle of Liebsik Major defeat for Napoleon He abdicates - for the first time, and goes to Elba
64
Facts about the Congress of Vienna
Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
65
The Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon vs. (Prussian) Blucher and (British) Wellington His final military engagement Exiled to St. Helena
66
Results of the Treaty of Chaumont
Ended Napoleon's reign | DONT WORRY ABOUT THIS QUESTION
67
Kingdom of the Netherlands and other territorial adjustments after Congress of Vienna
Buffer zones Confederation of the Rhine is more independent, goes to Prussia, becomes Germany Genoa now belongs to Sardinia North Italy goes to Austria
68
Central characteristics and facts of Romantic Movement
Reaction to enlightenment, deism, and rational thought Emotion/feeling= important Inspiration was Middle Ages Sterm und drang - storm and stress, German prototype movement To revive art, literature, architecture TO SUPPLEMENT REASON/ enlightenment WITH IMAGINATION
69
Art, literature, and architecture of the Romantics
Focused on middle ages
70
Contributions of Rousseau on the Romantic Movement esp. literature
Émile Life can be good outside of society Kids should learn by trial and error Women are weak
71
Immanuel Kant contributions to Romanticism
Critique of pure reason Critique of practical reason Phenomenal/ pnumonal worlds Categorical imperative
72
(English) Coleridge (writer) 's contributions to Romanticism
Rime of the Ancient Mariner With Wordsworth- lyrical ballads
73
(English) Wordsworth (writer) 's contributions to Romanticism
With Coleridge- lyrical ballads Ode on Intimations of immortality
74
(English) Lord Byron (writer) 's contributions to Romanticism
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage | Don Juan
75
(German) Tieck (writer) 's contributions to Romanticism
William Lovell
76
(German) Schlegel (writer) 's contributions to Romanticism
Lucinde
77
(German) Goethe (writer) 's contributions to Romanticism
The sorrows of young werther | Masterpiece = FAUST- 2 parts
78
Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist Constable
Hay wain | Salisbury cathedral from the meadows
79
Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist William Turner
Rain, speed, steam | Fighting temeraire
80
Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich
Polar sea Wanderer above the sea of fog Man, woman, and moon painting
81
Romantic/Neo-Gothic architecture characteristics and notable monuments/ buildings
``` Absence of pillars/ arches/ domes Busy piers/ steeples/ buttresses Monotone British Houses of Parliament Neuschwanstein castle ```
82
Facts regarding Methodism
Anti-deist Reaction to enlightened ideals and Church of England Leader : John Wesley
83
The Genius of Christianity
By chateaubriand Disapproved revolution Said faith= emotion/ passion
84
Johann Herder's contributions to Romanticism and German culture
Sparked enlightenment resistance | Explained nature with German culture and history
85
Hegel, his views on the conflict of ideas and his contributions to the study of History
Thesis: ideas/ events that develop from dominant set if ideas Anti-thesis: challenge thesis, conflicting set of ideals Synthesis: new set of ideas

AP Euro (8 decks)

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