Unit 5 Terms

Question 1

Intensive Farming

Answer 1

Agriculture with greater paid labor and less land being used

Question 2

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 2

The production of one or more, usually cash crops, on a large area of land

Question 3

Cultivation

Answer 3

The process of preparing and using land for the growing of crops

Question 4

Rural

Answer 4

Areas located outside of cities, has open space and a lower population

Question 5

Clustered

Answer 5

Close together

Question 6

Dispersed

Answer 6

Spread apart

Question 7

Linear

Answer 7

Building built in lines along roads, rivers, or lakes

Question 8

River Valley

Answer 8

A valley formed by a river

Question 9

Hearth

Answer 9

The geographical origin center

Question 10

Colombian Exchange

Answer 10

The process of people, animals, ideas, diseases, and many other things that crossed the Atlantic to the New World

Question 11

First Agricultural Revolution

Answer 11

The transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities

Question 12

High Yield Seeds

Answer 12

Hybrid seed bred to produce more grain per acre

Question 13

Green Revolution

Answer 13

A period of increased agricultural productivity that occurred around the mid-20th century

Question 14

Mechanized Farming

Answer 14

The use of machinery and technology to enhance agricultural production, making the process easier

Question 15

Monocropping

Answer 15

An agricultural practice where a single crop species is cultivated over a large area

Question 16

Extensive Farming

Answer 16

Agriculture that uses fewer inputs of paid labor and a large area of land

Question 17

Complex Commodity Chain

Answer 17

The intricate networks of production and distribution that connects raw materials to final consumer goods

Question 18

Economics of Scale

Answer 18

The reduction in the per unit cost of production as the volume of production increases

Question 19

Carrying Capacity

Answer 19

The number of people that can support a specific place

Question 20

Von Thunen Model

Answer 20

A theory that predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market

Question 21

Infrastructure

Answer 21

The basic physical and organizational structures

Question 22

Global Food Distribution

Answer 22

The complex network of processes that determine how food is produced, transported, and consumed around the world

Question 23

Desertification

Answer 23

The process by which previously fertile lands become deserts

Question 24

Soil Salinization

Answer 24

The accumulation of soluble salts in soil, which can hinder plant growth and reduce agricultural productivity

Question 25

Agricultural Practices

Answer 25

The ways crops and livestock are grown and managed on a farm or ranch

Question 26

Food deserts

Answer 26

An area with limited access to healthy and affordable food

Question 27

GMO

Answer 27

Genetically Modified Organism

Question 28

Urban Farming

Answer 28

The practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas, often using small plots of land, rooftops, and community gardens

Question 29

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

Answer 29

A farming model where consumers buy shares of a farms harvest in advance, thus providing farmers with capital at the start of the growing season

Question 30

Value Added Specialty Crops

Answer 30

Agricultural products that are enhanced through processing, packing, or marketing to increase their economic value beyond the raw product

Question 31

Fair Trade

Answer 31

A concept used in developing countries to help create sustainability

Question 32

Irrigation

Answer 32

The artificial application of water to soil or land to assist the growth of crops

Question 33

Terrace Farming

Answer 33

A method of growing crops on sides of hills/mountains by planting on graduated terraces but on a slope

Question 34

Slash-and-Burn

Answer 34

Slash and burn vegetation

Question 35

Swidden

Answer 35

A patch of land cleared for planting through the slash and burn

Question 36

Deforestation

Answer 36

The destruction of forest or forested areas by human/natural means

Question 37

Agriculture

Answer 37

The art and science of producing food from the land and tending livestock for the purpose of human consumption

Question 38

Plant/Animal Domestication

Answer 38

The process of adapting wild plants/animals for human use

Question 39

Commercial Agriculture

Answer 39

The main objective is to generate profit by maximizing yield and efficiently using resources

Question 40

Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 40

Produce food for the farmer and their family

Question 41

Second Agricultural Revolution

Answer 41

A period of rapid growth in food production, new farming methods, and the implementation of new machinery between the mid 17th century and the early 19th century

Question 42

Third agricultural revolution

Answer 42

A period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields