unit 5G concepts Flashcards
what is G
general intelligence
what is retention? (and parts of it)
how well you retain
-recall
-recognition
-relearning
recall
a person must retrieve information learned earlier on (fill in the blank)
recognition
a person identifies items previously learned (multiple choice test)
relearing
assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
Ebbinghaus curve
shows that the more times you practice a list a day, the less time required to relearn it the next day and so on
human memory system parts
-encoding
-storage
-retrieval
encoding
process of getting information into the memory system
storage
process of retaining encoded information over time
retrieval
process of getting information out of memory storage
memory construction
formation of new memories
parallel processing
enables you to process two things at once
working memory model
auditory rehearsal (remember password) ——>
central executive (focuses attention, also goes to long-term memory) ——>
visual-spatial information
automatic processing (+ examples)
unconscious encoding, like space, time, and frequency, and well learning information
iconic memory
sensory memory of visual stimuli, only lasts a second
echoic memory
sensory memory of auditory stimuli can be recalled after 4 seconds
spacing effect
studying over a long period of time instead of cramming is much more beneficial
Karl Lashley and his maze experiments findings
found that damaging one area of the brain, different parts of the brain take on that role because brain parts communicate with each other
cerebellum
implicit memory, motor, and conditioning learning.
-forms and stores implicit memories created by classical conditioning
amygdala
supports memory for emotionally arousing experiences
hippocampus
saves explicit memories, the brain registers, and temporarily holds things: smell, feel, sound, and location.
basal ganglia
implicit, deep brain structure involved in motor movement, receives input from the cortex
implicit
(non-declarative) without conscious recall, processed into the cerebellum and basal ganglia
-space, time, frequency (where you ate dinner yesterday)
-motor and cognitive skills (how to ride a bike)
-classical conditioning (reaction to doctor’s office)
explicit
(declarative) with conscious recall, processed in the hippocampus and frontal lobes
-semantic memory, facts, and general knowledge
-episodic memory, personally experienced events
