Unit 6 Flashcards
(19 cards)
How does personality affect illness according to the interactional model?
(Kausalkette)
Stress as a key variable
Objective events produce stress
Personality affects coping responses
Coping responses influence physiological arousal and illness
How does the health behaviour model explain the personality-illness connection?
(2. Kausalkette)
Health Behaviour Model
Personality affects health indirectly
Influences stress appraisal and coping responses
Mediates through health-promoting or degrading behaviours
How does the transactional model explain the personality-illness connection?
(3. Kausalkette)
Stress appraisal as threatening/uncontrollable
Personality influences appraisal
Appraisal affects coping responses and physiological arousal, leading to illness
How does the predisposition model explain the personality-illness connection?
(4. Kausalkette)
Predisposition affects physiological responsiveness
Influences both personality and illness
Underlying predisposition links personality and illness
What is the illness behavior model in the personality-illness connection?
(5.Kausalkette)
Personality affects perception and labeling of sensations as illness
Influences health behaviors and reports of symptoms
What is stress and what causes it?
Definition
Feeling overwhelmed by uncontrollable, goal-threatening events
Causes
Extreme events, goal threats, perceived as uncontrollable
What are the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Alarm - fight-or-flight response
Endurance - use of resources
Exhaustion - susceptibility to illness
What is the relationship between stress and illness according to the stress response?
Greater stress increases illness likelihood
- high stress reduces immune response
- daily hassles accumulate stress
What are the varieties of stress and their effects?
Acute: Fight-or-flight reaction
Episodic acute: Repeated acute stress episodes
Traumatic: Massive stress causing PTSD
Chronic: Ongoing stress grinding down resistance
When is stress evoked according to the primary and secondary appraisal model?
Primary: Perceiving a threat to goals
Secondary: Assessing ability to cope with the threat
What is dispositional optimism and its effects on health?
Expectation of good events in future => better health => fewer doctor visits => less coronary heart disease => lower biological reactivity
What is emotional inhibition and its effects?
Emotional inhibition can be adaptive => effort to repress emotions => physiological cost => positive to express emotions
Why is disclosing personal aspects considered a healing process?
Healing process => Narrating trauma improves health => Better prognosis and fewer health problems => Writing or talking reduces stress
What defines a psychological disorder according to the DSM-5-TR?
Distressing/painful behavior
Impairment in life domains
Increased risk of suffering or death
Statistical rarity and adverse impact
What is the difference between the categorical and dimensional views in the DSM?
Categorical view - Clear break between disorder and no disorder
Dimensional view - Disorders exist on a spectrum
What is the Dimensional Model of Psychological Disorders?
Difference is degree, not kind
- Traits pushed to extremes
- Overlapping traits allow multiple disorder presentation
How are personality disorders grouped in the Dimensional Model?
Grouped by shared features
Erratic (unpredictable, emotional)
- Antisocial: disregard for others, impulsive
- Narcissistic: need admiration, self-centered
- Borderline: instability, fear of abandonment
- Histrionic: attention-seeking, emotional
Eccentric (odd)
- Obsessive-Compulsive: preoccupied with order inflexible
- Dependent: need for care, avoid disagreements
- Avoidant: low self-esteem, social avoidance
Anxious (fearful, distressed)
Anxious Cluster
- Obsessive-Compulsive: preoccupied with order inflexible
- Dependent: need for care, avoid disagreements
- Avoidant: low self-esteem, social avoidance
What is the prevalence of personality disorders and their causes according to the categorical model?
Around 11% total
Higher in WEIRD countries (perfection, cleanliness, punctuality)
Comorbidity common (25-50%)
What are the causes of 3 specific personality disorders according to the dimensional model?
Borderline: childhood abuse, few ties, impulsive adults
Schizotypal: genetics
Antisocial: childhood abuse, social learning
