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Computer Science > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components in client server networking?

A

There is one or more computer known as clients and a powerful central computers known as a server

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2
Q

Where can client acess files from?

A

Either from its own files and resources or from the servers files

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3
Q

What are the types of servers in file servers networks?

A

File servers, print servers, web servers, mail servers, database servers

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4
Q

How are requests processed in client server networks?

A

Clients make requests then the server processes the request

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5
Q

Advantages of Client-server networks

A

Security is better as all files are stored in a central location and access rights are managed by the server; backups are done centrally so there is no need for indivudual users to back up their data and if there is a breakdown, recovery procesdures will enable it to be restored; data and other resources can be shared

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6
Q

Disadvantages of Client-Server Networks

A

It is expensive to install and manage; professional IT staff are needed to maintain the servers and run the network

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7
Q

What is a peer to peer network?

A

Individual computers connected to each other without a central server.

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8
Q

Advantages of Peer to peer networks for small LANs

A

Cheap to set up, enables user to share resources, not difficult to maintain

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9
Q

How is peer to peer networks used for video on demand?

A

Hundreds of computers can hold different parts of the video and share the load.

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10
Q

Disadvantages of peer to peer networking

A

Used for piracy! as impossible to trace the files which are being downloaded

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11
Q

What are the consequences of piracy:

A

Loss of money for the film and cinema industury resulting in a loss of jobs

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12
Q

What is data communication?

A

It involves sending and recieving data from one computer/ device to another, this includes apps such as email, epos terminals, cell phones etc

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13
Q

What is serial bit transmission?

A

Bits are sent via an interface one bit at a time over a single wire from the source to the destination

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14
Q

What is parallel data transmission?

A

Several bits are sent simultaneously over a number of parallel wires

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15
Q

Where is paralell communication used?

A

In integrated circuits within RAM

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16
Q

What is skew?

A

When each wire has a slightly different speed meaning bits that are meant to arrive at the same time arrive at different times

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17
Q

What are the advantages of serial transmission rather than parallel?

A

Connections are simpler and smaller so lower costs, less interference (no crosstalk), reliable over a longer distance, signal frequency can be much higher due to lack of interference

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18
Q

What is crosstalk?

A

Interference between parallel lines

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19
Q

What are the consequences of crosstalk?

A

Results in corrupted words which neeeds to be transmitted

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20
Q

What is the bit rate?

A

The speed at which data is transmitted serially is measured in bits per second

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21
Q

What is baud rate?

A

The rate at the signal changes

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22
Q

When are bit raud and baud rate the same?

A

In baseband mode as onlt two voltage singals are used

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23
Q

What is bandwidth?

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A

The range of frequencies that a transmission media can carry

24
Q

What happens if you increase the bandwidth?

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A

More data can be transmitted in the fixed amount of time

25
What is latency?
It is the time delay between the moment the first byte/ pack of a communicatin starts and when it is received at its destination
26
What is sychronous transmission?
Data is transferred at regular intervals timed by a clock signal allowing for constant and reliable transmission for time sensitive data
27
What typically uses synchrnous transmission?
Parallel communication
28
What is asynchronous transmission?
One byte is sent at a time and each character is preceded by a start bit and followed by a stop bit
29
What does the start bit do in asynchronous transmission?
The start bit alterts the recieving device and synchronises the clock inside the reciever so that it is ready to receive the character
30
What does the stop bit do?
It may be abitrarily long which allows the receiver to identify the data before the next value is transmitted
31
What happens in asynchrounous transmissions if the baud rate is not the same?
There is an error
32
Are the start and the stop bit the same?
No, they are always different
33
When is asynchronous transmission used?
By PCs as it is exonomical for small amounts of data, and there does not need to be a way of sharing clock signals
34
What is protocol?
A set of rules relating to communication between devices
34
Why do we need protocols?
So that equipement can be networked: any equipment using the same protocols can be linked together
35
What is a LAN?
A local area network consits of a number of computer devices on a single site or building or a small area
36
What are the characteristics of a LAN?
Can transmit data very fast over a short distance
37
Advantages of bus topology?
Inexpensive to install as requires less cable than star topology
38
Disadvantages of bus topology
if main cable fails, data can no longer be transmitted to any node; performance degrades with heavy traffic; low security as all computers can see data transmissions
39
Advantages of star topology:
If one cable fails only one station is affected; consistent performance even when network is being heavily used; higher transmission speeds gives better performance; no collisions of data; more secure than bus; easy to add new stations
40
Disadvantages of Star Network:
May be costly to install due to length of cable required; if central device goes down, network data can no longer be transmitted
41
What is the central device (in a star network?) typically?
A switch which keeps a record of the unique MAC address of each device on the network and can identify which particular computer on the network it should send the data to
42
What is the difference between physical and logical topology?
In physical topology the topology is the actual layout, the logical topology is the shape of the path data travels in, and describes how components communicate across the physical topology
43
What are the characteristics of a logical bus network?
Data cannot be simulateously transmitted in both directions, every station receives all network traffic generated by each station have equal priority.
44
How does a logical bus network work?
A device wanting to communicate with another device on the network sends a broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see but only the indented recipient accepts and process the message
45
What is a NIC?
A Network Interface Card is part of every device which is connected to the network
46
What is a MAC address?
Every NIC has a MAC address which is assigned and hard coded into the card by the manufacturer and uniquely identifies the device
47
What is Wi-Fi?
It is a local area wireless technology the allows you to connect a device to a network resource/ internet via a WAP
48
What is a WAP?
A wireless acess point which has a range of about 20 metres
49
What compents are needed to connect to Wi-Fi?
Computer devices need a wireless network adaptor in order to connect to a wireless network
50
What is a station?
A combination of computer and interface controller
51
What do all stations have in common?
All stations share a single frequency communication channel and each station tuned into this frequency to pick up transmissions
52
What protocols are used to protect wireless networks?
WPA: wifi protected access, and WPA2: wifi protected access II
53
How does WPA2 work?
WPA2 is built into NICs and provides strong encryption of data transmissions
54
What is SSID?
A service set identification which is the informal name of the local network
55
What is the purpose of the SSID?
Identify the network and so that you and other people can connect to the network

Computer Science (8 decks)

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