Unit 6 Flashcards
Acid deposition
The falling of acids and acid forming compounds from the atmosphere to the earths surface
Air pollution
One or more chemicals in high enough concentrations in the air to harm humans, other animals, vegetation, or materials
Biomagnification
Increase in concentration of ddt, pcbs and other slowly degradable fat soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher tropic levels of a food chain or web
Brownfield
A former industrial or commercial site or future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination
Buffer
Substance that can react with hydrogen ions in a solution and thus hold the acidity or pH of a solution fairly constant
Carbon monoxide
A colorless odorless highly toxic gas that forms during the incomplete combustion of carbon containing materials
Choloroflourocarbon CFCs
Organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon chlorine fluorine they can deplete the ozone layer when they slowly rising to the stratosphere in the chlorine atoms react with Ozone molecules. example: Freon-12, refrigerant
dioxins
Family of 75 different chlorinated hydrocarbons compounds formed as unwanted by-products in a chemical reaction involving chlorine and hydrocarbons usually a high temperatures
Dose
The amount of a potentially harmful substance an individual ingests, inhales or absorbed through the skin
Dose response curve
Plot of data showing effects of various doses of intoxication on a group of test organisms
E waste
Old end of life or discarded appliances are using electricity
Epidemiology
Study of the patterns of disease or other harmful effects from toxic exposure within to find groups of people to found out why some people get sick and some do not
Hazardous waste
Any solid liquid or containerize to gas that can catch fire easily is corrosive to skin tissue or medals, is unstable and can explode or release toxic fumes, or has harmful concentrations of one or more toxic materials that can Leach out
Industrial smog
Type of air pollution consisting mostly of a mixture of sulfur dioxide, suspended top droplets of sulfuric acid formed from some of the sulfur dioxide, and a variety of suspended solid particles
Integrated waste management
Variety of strategies for both waste reduction and waste management to deal with solid wastes
LD50
The amount of the material, given all at once, which causes the death of 50% of a group of test animals. It is one way to measure the short term poisoning potential acute toxicity of a material
Median lethal dose LD50
I’m out of a toxic material per unit of body weight of test animals that kills half the test population in a certain time
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Formed when an NO2 reacts with water vapor in the air. It is a component of acid deposition that returns to the earth and can damage trees soil and aquatic life in lames
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
These gases play a role in photochemical smog and can irritate the eyes nose and throat and lungs aggravate asthma and bronchitis and increase susceptibility to respiratory infections by impairing the immune system. They can also suppress plant growth and reduce visibility when they are converted to nitric and nitric salts
Nonpoint source
Large or disbursed to land areas such as crop fields streets lawns that discharge pollutants into the environment over a large area
Ozone O3
Colorless and highly reactive gas, a major component of photochemical smog and also found in the stratosphere where it protects life by filtering out most harmful UV radiation from the sun
Ozone layer
Layer in the stratosphere that protects life on earth by filtering out most harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
Particulates
Solid particles in liquid droplets small and light enough to remain suspended in the air for short to long. Also referred to as suspended particulate matter SPM
Photochemical smog
Complex mixture of airplanes produced in the lower atmosphere by the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides under the influence of sunlight. Especially harmful components include ozone, peroxyacal nitrates (PANs) and various aldehydes
