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APES > Unit 6 Atmospheric Pollution > Flashcards

Unit 6 Atmospheric Pollution Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

troposphere

A

first 10 k
weather
ariplanes
bad ozone

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2
Q

stratopshere

A

good ozone that protects us from uv-b, uv-c, radiatoin
no weather

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3
Q

mesosphere

A

coldest layer
where meterotires burn up
first layer to have atmospheric gases

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4
Q

thermosphere

A

not many gases
satellites and auroras

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5
Q

atmospheric gas composition

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% other gases

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6
Q

overall impacts of pollutants

A

climate change
decrease NPP of plants: harm to plant tissues, affect amoint of xunlight
human health issues: respitory isues, developing counties have higher death rate

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7
Q

pollutant definition

A

anyting in teh atmosphere that is harmful to humans or the environment
can be natural or anthropogenic

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8
Q

primary pollutant

A

pollutants emitted direcly into the atmosphere

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9
Q

seconday polluntant

A

primary pollutant that undergoes a chemical reaction in the atmosphere usually w. other gases, water vapor, or dunlight

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10
Q

criteria air pollutants

A

clean air act required the epa to set criteria for 6 pollutants
NOSCLP: NO2, O3, SO2, CO, Pb, PM

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11
Q

non criteria air pollutants

A

no direct impact on human health: methane, CO2
natually occuringL radon, mold
other regulations: radiation, VOCs, noise pollution, mercury

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12
Q

combustion of fossil fuels

A

biggest contributor to atmospheric pollutant
causes all 6 polluntants anre more
contain carbon and impurities

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13
Q

nitrogen diozide

A

sources: volcanoes, lightning, forest fires, ff combustion
impacts: respitroy irritants, leads to formation of photochemical smog, converts to nitric acid in atmoshere

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14
Q

ozone

A

sources: good ozone, photochemical smog
impacts: irritation to nose/throat, respitrory illness, greenhouse gas
formula: sunlight + NOx + VOCs = O3

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15
Q

sulfur dioxide

A

sources: volcanoes, fires, combusiton of ff
impacts: can turn into sulfuci acid/acid rain, irritates plant tissues, disrupts photosynthesis

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16
Q

carbon monoxide

A

sources: volcanoes, forest fires, incomplete combustion of ff
impacts: asphyziation amdnd death

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17
Q

lead

A

sources: lithosphere, air particulate, paint, gasoline, pipes
impacts: no safe exposure level, effect learning, intelligence, and iq

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18
Q

particlate matter

A

mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets
sources: dust storms, wildfires, volcanoes, pollen, soot from FF, moking, construciton, agriculture
impacts: respitory irriation, heart and lung disase, decrease sunlught = less NPP

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19
Q

unleaded gasoline

A

cars in 70s were bult with catalyitc converters to ptomote phasing out lead with ethonal
lead banned in 1994

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20
Q

flint, michigan water crisis

A

lead piping contaminated water
fertility rates dropped, fetal deaths rose, impaired congition, delaued pruberty, behavioral disorders
less affluent communities more affected

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21
Q

photochemical smog

A

orange-brown haze caused by solar on atmosphere polluted with VOCs and NOx
NO + VOCs + O2 + UV = O3 + PANs

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22
Q

reactant 1: NOx

A

gas contains mosly hydrocarbons and other impurities bc its formed from fossils and impurities
car exhaust combustion accts as acatlysst to form NOx

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23
Q

reactant 2: VOCs

A

extremely diverse
can be harmful or not
like smells: pine, floral, ect

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24
Q

tropospheric conditions that help create photochemical smog

Study These Flashcards
A

UV light and heat calatyxe the creation
urban areas
afternoon
summer

25
stratopsheric ozone
good ozone o3 natural origin created with oxygen reacts with sinlight protects us from UV radiation
26
tropospheric ozone
bad ozone O3 antrhropogenic origin created when NOx reacts with VOCs and sunlight causes respitory illness
27
Product 2: PANs
another product of photochemical smog burns plant tissue
28
health effects of smog
irritates eyes, ears, and throat can worsen existing heart and lung conditions bronchitis, emphysema, COPD, asthma cancer
29
reduction of photochemicla smog
use cleaner or public transport reduce NOX: catalytic converters reduce VOCs: pump gas at night, dont spill, close gas cap
30
thermal inversion
a layer of warm air is situated over a layer of cooler air traps pollution
31
condittions that increase thermal inversion
windless weather night time winter urban island heat valleys and mtn ranges coasts
32
tainjin, china
cut off heating system for winter season cold snapp lead people to use stoves to keep warm temperature inversion trapped CO and PM 1000 people were harmed and 11 died
33
sources of CO2
repiration decompsition ocean outassing volcanic eruptions eildgires FF combstion
34
tends of CO2
naturally rise and fall, stay around 300 PPM levels have grown over 400 PPM since the industrial revolution
35
impacts of CO2
climate change: shifting biomes, animal migrations, extreme weather, sea level rise carbonic acid: acidify ocean, hruting marine life
36
co2 solutions
tech: carbom capture, nuclear and renewables consumer/industry choice: conservation and efficiency gov interncation: carbon tax, alternative transport
37
size of PM
inhalable case particulates : 2.5-10 upm. upper respitrory fine particles: less than 2.5 smaller = more harmful to human health, lower respitrory
38
control of PM
baghouse filters: eletrically charge particles and use fabric to remove them electrostatic precipitator: removes PM by using electricity, PM, and ,machine scrubbers: uses water and air
39
indoor air pollutants
pollutants become trapped and concentrated w/in inpermeable walls can be differnet than outdoor pollutants
40
radon-222
results from the decay of uranium in rock around a home seeps through cracks and dissolves in ground water ccauses cancer can use kits to detect, fix cracks, venting systems
41
mold
fungus that releases spores found in buildings with poor ventilation and high humididlty causes allergy-like systems and respitroy issues
42
dust
particules of skin cells, hair, pet dander, clothing fibers, bacteria, dust mites, soil particles, pollen, ect classified by size can cause allergy symptims and respittory illnesss solutionL change filters
43
coumbustion source of indoor air pollutants
biomass and fossil fuels mroe deaths in developing countries produces CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, and fine PM
44
asbestos
small glass fibers in insulation obstract blood flow anc duase lung cancer
45
VOCs indoor air pollution
diverse: cleaning products, furniture, paint, ect formaldehyde in treaated bulding materials that cuase cancer
46
sick building syndrome
occupants of a building experience acute health and comfor ecffects that is lined to time spent in a building caused by poor ventilation or chemical contaminants (VOCs, combustion products, mold, dust, and pathogens) solutions: ventilation, pollutant removal
47
acidity
measure of H+ ions vs OH- ions
48
acid rain formation
caused by NOX and SO2 react with water in the atmosphere a secondary pollutant wet deposition: precipitation as rain , sleet, and snow dry deposition: falling particles or gases pH less than 5.6
49
sources of acid rain
volcanoes, gesyers, lightning FF combusion
50
what effects the severity of acid rain
proximity to power plant direciton of wind compsition of regional rocks and oils
51
impacts of acid rain
lower soil fertility reduced minera intake damage to leaves water acidification = marine death desolve main made structures
52
solutions to acid rain
alternatie energy sources to reduce ff use sulfur scrubbers: limestone absorb SO2 and product can be used to produce drywall catalytic converters: nitrogen oxides
53
remediation and restoration for acid rain
lming: add limestone to buffer ecidic soil, lakes, ect
54
noise pollution
sound at high enough levels that it causes physuilogic or emotional stress or hearing loss
55
measuring csound
in decibals logmarithic
56
anthropogenic sources of noise
urban areas transportation construction domestic and industrial activity
57
health efffects from noise pollution
danger zone: above 85 db sound vibrates eardrum and bones in ear = hurt hair cells - hearing loss stress, depression, anxiety = changes in blood pressure and heart health
58
wildlife health effects from noise pollution
masks natural sounds, disrupting hunting and communication changes in mirgratory patterns less reproduction overall decline in helth cant hear echolocation = no communication, cant find food, reproduce and migrate
59
how to control noise pollution
wear noise cancelling ear protection EPA and OSHA set regulatroy limits and standards

APES (8 decks)

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