Unit 6 B

Question 1

What 8 sections does food travel through (starting at the mouth)?

Answer 1

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Rectum

Anus

Question 2

What are the functions of each of the 4 accessory organs of the digest tract? Aka, what digestive fluids/enzymes are secreted by each?

Answer 2

Salivary glands: saliva

Liver: Bile

Gallbladder: stores bile

Pancreas: insulin and glucogon

Question 3

Define peristalsis.

Answer 3

Movement keeps microbes moving through system.

Question 4

Define what the function of rugae are.

Answer 4

Allow for expansion of the stomach after the consumption of foods and liquids

Question 5

What (and where) are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 5

Between the stomach and the large intestine: it goes stomach – Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum – Large intestine

Question 6

Where does bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas enter the GI tract?

Answer 6

After the small intestine in order: Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Rectum

Question 7

List and describe the defenses present in the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 7

IgA antibodies

Peristalsis

Saliva

Hydrochloric acid (stomach acid)

Bile

Lympoid systems (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)) and (Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT))

Question 8

Mouth

Answer 8

Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus. (also archaea, fungi, viruses, protozoans (Trichomonas Tinax))

Question 9

Esophagus/stomach

Answer 9

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus

Question 10

Accessory organs

Answer 10

currently considered to be free of resident microorganisms

Question 11

Large intestine

Answer 11

Billions of microorganisms present (100,000,000,000 per Gram) very varied depending on the person and their history and life.

Question 12

Summarize the known functions of the GI microbiota and the role they may play in disease development.

Answer 12

Help us digest our food.

Gives us nutrients (ex. Vitamin K from E. coli)

Majority of our serotonin production

Train our immune system.

Question 13

Can the balance of your gut bacteria affect your mood? Why or why not?

Answer 13

Yes, high amounts of serotonin is produced by the gut bacteria.

Question 14

List three seemingly noninfectious disorders that can potentially be caused (at least in part) by gut microbe imbalances.

Answer 14

Obesity, Diabetes, Various mental conditions, Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease. (allergy and autoimmune and schizophrenia)

Question 15

Using your textbook, find which acute diarrheal agent is linked to the condition HUS. What is the primary outcome of this syndrome?

Answer 15

STEC

Question 16

Be able to differentiate nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (flukes), and cestodes (tapeworms).

Answer 16

Nematodes (roundworms): round

Trematodes (flukes): flat and short

Cestodes (tapeworms): flat, long, and segmented.