Unit 6: Blood and Skeletal Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is the role of erythropoietin in bood cell formation?
Erythropoietin which is normally found in the kidneys is the hormone that helps stimulate red blood cell production.
How do you become jaundiced?
An excess of bilirubin causes jaundice. Usually when they are premature infants, who have an underdevleoped liver, or are in liver failure.
What happens when a person is jaundiced?
Excess amounts of bilirubin circulating in the blood stream dissolve in the subcutaneous fat. This can be treated by light therapy for infants, as well as enchanced nutrition.
How does Vitamin A affect bone growth?
Needed to synthesze the enzyme fo osteoclast activity. If not cannot remove chondroctes. If there is too much leads to brittle bones.
How does Vitamin D affect bone growth?
Needed to absorb Calcium from the gut. If not causes soft bones (rickets), if too mcuh causes calcification fo the soft organs like Liver and Kidneys.
What are osteoblasts?
The cells the build bone from cartilage
What are osteoclasts?
The cells that break down bone.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that maintain bone structure.
What occurs in the red marow?
Hematopoeisis or red blood cell production occurs in the red marrow.
What is yellow marrow?
Yellow marrow is used for fat storage.
What are B-Cells?
They are part of the specific immune response. They are coded and create one specific antigen to fight off a specific virus. They are stored in the lymph nodes and are used to fight off repeat viruses.
What are T- Cells?
They are part of the specific immune response. They go in and fight off the foreign invaders and produce cytokines.
What is the struccure and function of an erythrocyte?
An erythrocyte or RBC;s job is to transport gases liek oxygen and carbond dioxide. They have a biconcave shape to better transport the gases.
What is the role of hemoglobin?
Hb is what RBC’s use to bind oxygen to itself. Hb has 4 binding sites for oxygen allowing it to make the RBC’s more effective transporters. Also makes them the red color.
What are the components of blood from most to least abundant?
Plasma, Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leukocytes
What are Neutrophils?
They are a WBC. THey have a lobed-nucleus, 2-5 visible lobes, about 2x size of RBC. THey are about 54-62% of WBC’s. They perform phagocytosis of small particles.
What is a lymphocyte?
It is a WBC. It hs a large round nucles, with almsot no cytoplasm. They are aout 25-33% of WBC’s. They help with the immune response especially antibody production.
What are Monocytes?
They are a WBC with a kidney-shaped nucleus, and they are the largest of teh WBC. They are about 3-9% of WBC’s. They perform phagocytosis of large particles like bacteria.
What is an Eosinophil?
It is a WBC with a deep red color, a 2-lobed nuclues, and has dark red granules. They are usually about1-3% of WBC’s. They kill paratise and help control inflammatory response.
What is a basophil?
It is WBC that stains blue/purple, has ltso granules so it is hard to see a nucles. Less than 1% of WBC. They release Heparin (anticoagulent) and Histamine for inflammation.
Why can you only recieve blood from certain people?
Depending on you blood type you have antibodies for certain types of blood, which means if you get the type of blood you have antibodies fo your body will attack itself ultimatley killing you.
What type of blood does a Type A person have? Who can they receive blood from?
They have the A-antigen, so they have anti-B antibodies for the B-antigen in plasma. They can recieve blood fom Type-A and Type-O people.
What antibodies does a Type B blood type have? Who can they recieve blood from?
They have anti-a antibodies for the A antigen. They have the B antigen on the RBC. They can recive blodo from Type-O and Type-B people.
What type of antibodies does a type AB person have? Who can they receive blood from?
They have no antibodies. They have both the A and B antigen on their RBC’s. They can recieve blood from anyone.
