Unit 6- Chapter 14

Question 1

the study of disease

Answer 1

pathology

Question 2

the cause of disease

Answer 2

Etiology

Question 3

the development of a disease

Answer 3

pathogenesis

Question 4

invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens

Answer 4

infection

Question 5

an abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions

Answer 5

disease

Question 6

Transient microbiota

Answer 6

may be present for days, weeks, or months

Question 7

Normal microbiota

Answer 7

permanently colonize the host nd do not cause disease under normal conditions

Question 8

What factors determine colonization for normal microbiota?

Answer 8

• nutrients
• physical/mechanical factors (pH, Temp)
• host defense
• mechanical factors (adhesion, flagella)

Question 9

Microbial antagonism (competitive exclusion)

Answer 9

is a competition between microbes

Question 10

Normal microbiota protect the host from by:

Answer 10

• competing for nutrients
• producing substances harmful to invading microbes
• Affecting pH and available oxygen

Question 11

Symbiosis

Answer 11

is the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

Question 12

When one organisms benefits, and the other is unaffected

Answer 12

commensalism

Question 13

both organisms benefit

Answer 13

mutualism

Question 14

one organism benefits at the expense of the other

Answer 14

parasitism

Question 15

slide 6

Answer 15

commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

Question 16

opportunistic

Answer 16

a microorganism that causes disease in a host when the immune defenses are disrupted - may be part of the normal microbiota

Question 17

what procedure is used to identify a pathogen?

Answer 17

kochs postulate

Question 18

when does Koch’s postulates not work?

Answer 18

When the pathogen

• can not be cultured
• is specific to humans
• can cause multiple diseases

Question 19

changes in body function that are felt by a patient as a result of disease

Answer 19

symptoms

Question 20

changes in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

Answer 20

signs

Question 21

a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

Answer 21

syndrome

Question 22

a disease that is spread from one host to another

Answer 22

communicable

Question 23

diseases that are easily and rapidly spread from one host to another

Answer 23

contagious

Question 24

a disease that is not spread from one host to another

Answer 24

noncommunicable

Question 25

incidence

Answer 25

number of people who develop a disease during a particular time period

Question 26

prevalence- takes into account new and old cases

Answer 26

number of people who develop a disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appeared

Question 27

sporadic disease

Answer 27

disease that occurs only occasionally

Question 28

endemic disease

Answer 28

disease constantly present in a population

Question 29

epidemic disease

Answer 29

disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time

Question 30

pandemic disease

Answer 30

worldwide epidemic

Question 31

slide 12

Answer 31

endemic/sporadic/ epidemic/ pandemic

Question 32

symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only a short time

Answer 32

acute disease

Question 33

symptoms develop slowly

Answer 33

chronic disease

Question 34

intermediate between acute and chronic

Answer 34

subacute

Question 35

causative agent is inactive for a time but then activates and produces symptoms

Answer 35

Latent

Question 36

immunity in most of a population

Answer 36

herd

Question 37

local infection

Answer 37

pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

Question 38

systemic infection

Answer 38

an infection throughout the body

Question 39

focal infection

Answer 39

systemic infection that began as a local infection

Question 40

toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection

Answer 40

sepsis

Question 41

bacteria in the blood

Answer 41

bacteremia

Question 42

also known as blood poisoning; growth of bacteria in the blood.

Answer 42

septicemia

Question 43

toxemia

Answer 43

toxins in the blood

Question 44

viremia

Answer 44

viruses in the blood

Question 45

primary infection

Answer 45

acute infection that causes the initial illness

Question 46

secondary infection

Answer 46

opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection

Question 47

subclinical disease

Answer 47

no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)

Question 48

interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms

Answer 48

incubation period

Question 49

prodromal period

Answer 49

short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms

Question 50

disease is most severe

Answer 50

period of illness

Question 51

signs and symptoms subside

Answer 51

period of decline

Question 52

body returns to its prediseased state

Answer 52

Period of Convalescence

Question 53

Human reservoirs

Answer 53

Carriers may have inapparent infections or latent diseases

Question 54

Animal reservoirs

Answer 54

Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans

Question 55

Nonliving reservoirs

Answer 55

soil and water