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AP HuG > Unit 6 - Cities and Urban Land Use > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Cities and Urban Land Use Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Burgess Concentric-Zone model

A

A model that describes urban land use as concentric rings radiating out from a central business district (CBD). “The Burgess model illustrates how socio-economic groups are distributed in urban areas.”

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2
Q

Hoyt sector model

A

An urban model suggesting that cities grow in sectors radiating out from the CBD

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3
Q

Survey data

A

Information collected from samples to study various phenomena. “Survey data on housing preferences revealed the popularity of mixed-use developments.”

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4
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to other places or geographic features. “The city’s situation near the river boosted trade opportunities.”

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5
Q

Harris and Ullman

A

Creators of the multiple-nuclei model

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6
Q

Field studies

A

Observations and data collection conducted in a real-world environment. “Field studies on urban sprawl provided valuable insights into land-use patterns.”

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7
Q

Urban

A

Related to cities or densely populated areas. “Urban planning focuses on sustainable development in growing cities.”

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8
Q

Multiple-nuclei model

A

An urban model proposing cities have multiple centers of activity. “The multiple-nuclei model explains the polycentric nature of modern metropolitan areas.”

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9
Q

Housing discrimination

A

Unfair treatment of individuals in housing markets based on race

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10
Q

City county

A

An administrative region that combines city and county governments. “The city county merged services to improve efficiency.”

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11
Q

Galactic city model

A

Multiple nuclei model

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12
Q

Redlining

A

A discriminatory practice of denying loans or services to certain neighborhoods. “Redlining contributed to economic disparities in urban areas.”

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13
Q

Neighborhood

A

A localized community within a larger city or town. “The neighborhood’s walkability attracted many young families.”

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14
Q

Model of a Latin American city

A

A model showing a CBD surrounded by commercial areas and a mix of wealthy and poor residential zones. “The model of a Latin American city highlights socio-economic disparities.”

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15
Q

Blockbusting

A

The practice of encouraging white property owners to sell quickly due to fears of incoming minority groups. “Blockbusting contributed to urban racial segregation.”

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16
Q

Megacity

A

A city with a population of over 10 million people. “Tokyo is a prime example of a megacity.”

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17
Q

Model of Southeast Asian city

A

An urban model emphasizing the importance of ports and market zones in city development. “The model of a Southeast Asian city reflects colonial influences.”

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18
Q

Affordability

A

The ability of individuals to pay for housing or services. “Affordability remains a key challenge in urban housing markets.”

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19
Q

Metacity

A

A city with a population exceeding 20 million people. “Metacities like Jakarta face significant infrastructure challenges.”

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20
Q

Model of an African city

A

A model describing urban areas with a CBD surrounded by ethnic and mixed-use zones. “The model of an African city highlights the role of colonial legacies.”

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21
Q

Environmental injustice

A

Unequal exposure to environmental hazards based on socio-economic status or ethnicity. “Environmental injustice is evident in areas with poor waste management systems.”

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22
Q

Core

A

The most developed and economically dominant region in a city or country. “The core often attracts significant investment and development.”

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23
Q

Cycles of development

A

The stages through which urban areas grow and change over time. “Cycles of development can lead to urban renewal or decline.”

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24
Q

Disamenity zones

A

Areas of a city with less desirable living conditions

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25
Semiperiphery
Regions that are industrialized but not as developed as the core. “Semiperiphery nations act as intermediaries in the global economy.”
26
Infilling
Development of vacant or underused land within an urban area. “Infilling is a strategy to reduce suburban sprawl.”
27
Favela
A Brazilian term for informal settlements or slums. “Favelas often lack basic infrastructure and services.”
28
Periphery
Areas with less economic development
29
Infrastructure
Fundamental systems and services that support a city. “Good infrastructure is vital for urban growth.”
30
Barrio
A Spanish-speaking urban neighborhood. “The barrio has a vibrant cultural scene.”
31
Central business district (CBD)
The commercial and business center of a city. “The CBD attracts daily commuters and tourists.”
32
Local development
Economic and social improvements within a specific community. “Local development projects often focus on housing and employment.”
33
Zone of abandonment
Areas in a city where buildings are deserted or unmaintained. “The zone of abandonment posed challenges for urban renewal efforts.”
34
Urban Sprawl
The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas. “Urban sprawl leads to longer commutes and environmental concerns.”
35
Sustainable design initiative
Strategies to create eco-friendly and energy-efficient urban spaces. “Sustainable design initiatives include green roofs and solar energy.”
36
Squatter
A person who occupies property without legal permission. “Squatters often live in informal settlements on the urban fringe.”
37
Decentralization
The process of distributing power or services away from a central authority. “Decentralization helps manage growing urban populations.”
38
Zoning
The regulation of land use by dividing areas into specific categories. “Zoning laws determine whether land can be used for residential or commercial purposes.”
39
Squatter settlement
Informal housing areas developed without legal land ownership. “Squatter settlements often lack proper infrastructure.”
40
Edge city
A concentration of business
41
Mixed land use
Combining residential
42
Land tenure
The legal rights to own or use land. “Land tenure systems vary across countries.”
43
Exurb
A region beyond the suburbs
44
Walkability
The extent to which an area is friendly to pedestrians. “Walkability is a key factor in urban livability.”
45
Inclusionary zoning
Policies requiring affordable housing in new developments. “Inclusionary zoning ensures diverse socio-economic communities.”
46
Boomburb
A rapidly growing suburb with characteristics of a city. “Boomburbs often experience traffic congestion and housing pressures.”
47
Transportation-oriented
Urban development focused around public transit systems. “Transportation-oriented development reduces car dependency.”
48
Local food movement
A push to support locally grown and produced food. “The local food movement promotes sustainability and community health.”
49
Network
An interconnected system of roads
50
Development
The process of improving the economy and infrastructure of an area. “Urban development projects often focus on housing and transportation.”
51
Urban renewal
Revitalizing old and decaying areas of a city. “Urban renewal efforts transformed the historic district.”
52
Rank-size rule
A pattern where the second-largest city is half the size of the largest
53
Smart-growth policies
Strategies to limit urban sprawl and promote sustainable development. “Smart-growth policies encourage compact and efficient city layouts.”
54
Gentrification
The process of renovating urban areas
55
Urban primacy rule
When the largest city in a country dominates economically and culturally. “Urban primacy is evident in countries with significant primate cities.”
56
New Urbanism
A movement promoting walkable neighborhoods with diverse housing and jobs. “New Urbanism aims to create more livable cities.”
57
Urban sustainability
Practices to ensure cities can support their populations long-term. “Urban sustainability initiatives focus on reducing carbon footprints.”
58
Primate city
A city significantly larger than the next largest city in a country. “Bangkok is an example of a primate city in Thailand.”
59
Greenbelts
Areas of open land around a city where development is restricted. “Greenbelts help prevent urban sprawl.”
60
Suburban sprawl
The spread of suburbs into rural areas. “Suburban sprawl has increased car dependency in many regions.”
61
Geographic gravity
A concept describing the influence of one place on another based on size and distance. “Geographic gravity explains migration trends between cities.”
62
Slow-growth cities
Cities that adopt policies to limit rapid urban expansion. “Slow-growth cities focus on quality over quantity in development.”
63
Sanitation
The systems for maintaining cleanliness and public health. “Improved sanitation is a priority in rapidly growing urban areas.”
64
Bid-rent theory
A concept explaining land value changes with distance from the CBD. “Bid-rent theory shows why commercial properties cluster near the city center.”
65
Livability
The quality of life in a specific place. “Livability is influenced by factors like safety
66
Ecological footprint
A measure of human impact on the environment. “Reducing the ecological footprint is key to urban sustainability.”
67
Threshold
The minimum population needed to support a service or business. “Small towns may not meet the threshold for specialty stores.”
68
De facto segregation
Segregation resulting from social
69
Regional planning
Coordinated planning for development across a broader region. “Regional planning ensures infrastructure meets future needs.”
70
Range
The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service. “The range of a supermarket is smaller than that of a regional hospital.”
71
Brownfield
Land previously used for industrial purposes that may be contaminated. “Brownfield redevelopment often requires significant cleanup.”
72
Christaller’s Central Place
A theory describing the distribution of services and settlements. “Christaller’s theory explains the hierarchy of towns and cities.”
73
Urban growth boundary
A limit on urban development to prevent sprawl. “Urban growth boundaries protect farmland and natural areas.”

AP HuG (8 decks)

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