Unit 6 Heredity

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The Study of heredity and heredity variation

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 3

Asexual

Answer 3

a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent

Question 4

Sexual

Answer 4

Two parents(male/female)
Offspring are unique combinations of genes from parents
Genetically varied from parents and sibling

Question 5

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 5

A pair of chromosomes that carry the same genetic information

Question 6

Karyotypes

Answer 6

Display of chromosomes pairs arranged by size and length

Question 7

Somatic(body) Cells

Answer 7

Diploids(2n): Two complete sets of each chromosomes

Question 8

Gametic(sex) Cells

Answer 8

Haploid(n): One set of each chromosomes

Question 9

Autosomes

Answer 9

Type of DNA that is packaged in chromosomes that do not determine sex

Question 10

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 10

Type of DNA that is packaged in chromosomes with X and Y

Egg: X Sperm: X or Y

Question 11

Life Cycle

Answer 11

Sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism from conception to its own reproduction

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

A process that create haploid (gamete cells) in sexually reproducing diploid(somatic) organisms

Result with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 13

Key Events in Meiosis

Answer 13

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I

Question 14

Crossing Over

Answer 14

produces recombinant chromosomes(Exchange genetic materials)

Question 15

Independent assortment Law

Answer 15

two different genes gets sorted into independent.

Question 16

Random Fertilization

Answer 16

Any sperm can fertilize any egg

Question 17

How does Meiosis Lead to Genetic Variation?

Answer 17

1) Crossing Over
2) Independent assortment of chromosomes
3) Random Fertilization

Question 18

True Breeding

Answer 18

an organism that always passes down certain phenotypce traits (i.e. physically expressed traits) to its offspring of many generations.

Question 19

P generation

Answer 19

True- breading parental generation

Question 20

F1 Generation

Answer 20

Hybrid(mix) offspring of P generation

Question 21

F2 Generation

Answer 21

Offspring of the F1 generation

Question 22

Punnett Square

Answer 22

Diagram used to predict the allele combinations of offspring from a cross with known genetic compositions

Question 23

Homozygous

Answer 23

An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for characters(AA,aa)

Question 24

Heterozygous

Answer 24

An organism has two different alleles for a gene(Aa)

Question 25

Genotype

Answer 25

The genetic makeup(alleles/letters) of an organism

Question 26

Phenotype

Answer 26

An organism appearance, which is determined by the genotype

Question 27

Purpose of testcross

Answer 27

Helps determine if the dominant trait is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Question 28

Segregation Law

Answer 28

When organism makes gametic cells( A or a) Pp x Pp produces 3:1 ratio

Question 29

Monohybrid crosses

Answer 29

A cross between the F1 hybrids(BbxBb)

Question 30

Independent Assortment Law

Answer 30

alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.

Question 31

Rules for Independent Assortment Law

Answer 31

1) Genes that are located on different chromosomes(not homologous) 2) Genes that are vary far apart on the same chromosomes

Question 32

Dihybrid Crosses

Answer 32

The law of indapendent assortment was determent by doing crosses between plants that were true breeding for two traits, which produced F1 hybrid known as dihybrid (YYRR x yyrr) produces a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 33

Pedigrees

Answer 33

Family trees that gives a visual of inheritance patterns of particular traits

Question 34

how to read pedigrees

Answer 34

If a trait is dominant, one parent must have the trait. If a trait is X-linked, then males are more commonly affected than females.