Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Unit 6: Introduction to the Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 6: Introduction to the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system? (3)

A
  • Monitors internal/external environment
  • Integrates sensory info
  • Coordinates responses of other systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of? (2)

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the CNS do? (3)

A
  • Processes sensory data
  • Transmits motor commands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two divisions within the CNS?

A
  • afferent division
  • efferent division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Afferent Division

A

transmits sensory info TO CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Efferent Division

A

sends motor commands FROM CNS to effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What receptors are connected to the afferent division? (2)

A
  • Somatic Sensory Receptors
  • Visceral Sensory Receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Somatic Sensory Receptors

A

monitor the outside world and out position in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visceral Sensory Receptors

A

monitor internal conditions and the status of the other organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the systems within the efferent division? (2)

A
  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

controls skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the divisions within the autonomic nervous system? (2)

A
  • Sympathetic Division
  • Parasympathetic Division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for?

A

fight or flight reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system prepare the body for?

A

rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurons

A

send & receive signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some structures in the neuron? (4)

A
  • cell body (soma)
  • dendrites
  • axons
  • synaptic terminals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cell Body (Soma)

A

contains organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dendrites

A

receive info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Axon

A

carries outgoing signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Synaptic terminals

A

ends of axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Multipolar neuron (3)

A
  • Most common neuron in CNS
  • All skeletal muscle motor neurons
  • Cell body at end dendrites attached
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Unipolar neurons (2)

A
  • Sensory neurons of PNS
  • Cell Body is at middle above axon
25
Q

Bipolar neurons (2)

A
  • Special sense organs (sight, smell, hearing)
  • Axon goes through cell body
26
Q

Sensory Neuron Structure and Function (2)

A
  • Long dendrite, short axon
  • Conduct impulse to cord
27
Q

Sensory Neuron Location (2)

A

Cell body/dendrite outside spinal cord
cell body - dorsal root

28
Q

Motor Neuron Structure and Function (2)

A
  • Short dendrite , long axons
  • Conduct impulse to effector (muscle/gland)
29
Q

Motor Neuron Location (2)

A
  • Cell body/dendrites in spinal cord
  • Cell body axon outside of spinal cord
30
Q

Interneuron Structure and Function (2)

A
  • Short dendrite, short axon
  • Interconnect sensory neurons with motor neurons
31
Q

Interneuron Location

A

Entirely within CNS

32
Q

How many neuroglia are there?

A

6

33
Q

What are the 6 types of neuroglia?

A
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann Cells
  • Microglia
  • Astrocytes
  • Ependymal Cells
  • Satellite Cells
34
Q

Satellite Cell Function and Location (3)

A
  • PNS
  • surround neuron cell bodies
  • regulate tissue environment
35
Q

Schwann Cell Structure and Function (3)

A
  • PNS
  • Responsible for myelination of peripheral axons
  • participate in repair process after injury
36
Q

Oligodendrocyte Location and Function (3)

A
  • CNS
  • Myelinate CNS axons
  • Provide structural frame work
37
Q

Astrocytes (2)

A
  • CNS
  • Maintain blood brain barrier
38
Q

Ependymal Cells (2)

A
  • CNS
  • Assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluids
39
Q

Microglia (2)

A
  • CNS
  • Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis
40
Q

What is ALS?

A
  • a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
41
Q

What happens when motor neuron function goes away?

A

The muscle is no longer stimulated, so it atrophies over time

42
Q

Gray matter

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies

42
Q

White matter

A

clusters of axons

43
Q

What is membrane potential dependent on? (4)

A
  • Sodium ions
  • Potassium ions
  • Chlorine ions
  • Proteins
44
Q

What are the steps of action potential? (6)

A

1) membrane at resting potential, sodium channels are closed
2)stimulus triggers sodium channels to open allowing for sodium to come in
3) More voltage gated channels will open so sodium continues to come in
4) mV reaches a certain point and sodium channels start to close
5) potassium ion channel opens
6) potassium ions diffuse out the axion, membrane become hyperpolarized and potassium channel closes

45
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

A

-70mV

46
Q

Meninges

A

specialized membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord

47
Q

What are the layers that make up the meninges? (3)

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
48
Q

What are areas cerebrospinal fluid is located? (3)

A
  • Choroid plexus
  • Ventricles
  • Central Canal
49
Q

Choroid plexus (2)

A
  • produces CSF
  • a network of capillaries within the brain
50
Q

Continuous propagation

A

action potentials along an unmyelinated axon and affects one segment of the axon at a time

51
Q

Saltatory propagation

A

action potential along myelinated axon and is faster and uses less energy than continuous propagation

52
Q

neurotransmitters

A

carry chemical signals/messages

53
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters (4)

A
  • serotonin
  • gaba
  • dopamine
  • endorphins
54
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters (5)

A
  • adrenaline
  • noradrenaline/norepinephrine
  • acetylcholine
  • glutamate
  • dopamine
55
Q

all or nothing principle

A

as long as the threshold is met the stimulus will occur

56
Q

synapse

A

site where a neuron communicates w/ another cell

57
Q

presynaptic neuron

A

transmits AP to postsynaptic neuron or effector cell via neurotransmitters

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions