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unit 6 or something Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

habituation

A

when Ive been around something so much that im not scared of it anymore (habitat)

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2
Q

associative learning

A

i learned to associate eating with weight gain

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3
Q

conditioning

A

the process of learning associations

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4
Q

operate conditioning

A

a behavior = a CONSEQUENCe
(bird jumps for food)

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5
Q

classical conditioning

A

a stimulus = another stimulus
(dog salivating at a bell noise)

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6
Q

unconditioned stimulus (US)

A

when i am given FOOD (STIMULUS), my brain becomes happy

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7
Q

unconditioned response (UR)

A

when i am given food, my brain BECOMES HAPPY (RESPONSE)

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8
Q

neutral stimulus

A

when i am given a box with HIDDEN FOOD (STIMULUS) it doesnt naturally make me happy,

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9
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

THE BOX (STIMULUS) is now ASSOCIATED with happy brain

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10
Q

conditioned response

A

the box is now associated with HAPPY BRAIN (RESPONSE)

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11
Q

acquisition

A

the initial learning stage in CLASSICAL conditioning, a(C)quisition (C)lassical

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12
Q

fixed interval schedule and variable interval schedule (behavior and reinforcement)

A

fixed = specific amnt of time = reward
variable = random amnt of time = reward

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13
Q

fixed ratio and variable ratio (behavior and reinforcement)

A

fixed = specific # of times = reward
variable = random # of times = reward

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14
Q

high order conditioning

A

when you add another neutral stimulus, then this makes a second response

snap–bell–salivation
snap–less salivation

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15
Q

extinction

A

when your conditioned response goes away because you saw the conditioned stimulus too many times do nothing

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16
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

when the extinct response reappears

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17
Q

stimulus generalization

A

when you have a similar stimulus to have the same response

bike bell–salivation

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18
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

when you can distinguish the difference between the bike bell and a normal bell so it doesn’t produce a response

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19
Q

aversive conditioning

A

if you lace alcohol with a drug that makes you throw up, they wont want to drink alcohol anymore

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20
Q

vicarious reinforcement

A

when i learn through observing others consequences (sister doing chores = she gets candy)

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21
Q

vicarious punishment

A

when i learn through observing others consequences (sister got yelled at for not doing chores)

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22
Q

mirror neurons

A

neurons that fire during observational learning
(i yawn when i see someone yawn)

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23
Q

Banduras social learning theoryyyy

A

we learn by observing others!!!

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24
Q

self efficacy

A

when i believe in myself to do a task successfully

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25
positive punishment
when you administer an aversive stimulus bad parking = parking ticket
26
negative punishment
when you take away a desirable stimulus time out
27
punishment teaches... punishment decreases..
punishment teaches FEAR punishment decreases GOOD BEHAVIOR
28
what all did skinner believe?
- inner thought processes - behavior was shaped by environmental factors - behavior is shaped by consequences - operant conditioning (where a behavior = an outcome) - positive reinforcement, "dada", "yay!"
29
cognitive maps
when you know the layout of an environment Driving, mazes
30
latent learning
when you learn the knowledge of something but i don't immediately apply it until told to or there is a reward, like the maze for the rats and they only did good when they got food immediately after. EDWARD TOLMAN
31
insight learning
light bulb, seen when i do riddles
32
intrinsic motivation
i study music because I LIKE IT
33
extrinsic motivation
i study random school work because i HAVE TO, i will receive punishment or reward
34
the overjustification effect
if you pay me to study music, i wont like doing it anymore
35
the overuse of bribes
if i got payed $100mil to make music, I would just not make music anymore because i have 100mil
36
learned helplessness
learning to quit
37
operant conditioning vs classical conditioning
operant) operant behavior = a consequence (SKINNER) classical) a sitmulus = a response/ another stimulus then a response (PAVLOV)
38
what does reinforcement do??
it increases good behavior
39
positive reinforcement vs negative reinforcement?
positive = giving something to increase behavior negative = removing something to increase behavior
40
types of reinforcement?
primary reinforcer = food + water conditioned reinforcer = praise, high fives, good grades, money immediate reinforcers = occurs immediately after behaviour delayed reinforcers = only getting paid 2 weeks after you work continuous reinforcer = where behavior is rewarded every time it happens, leads to quick extinction partial reinforcement = only part of the time its rewarded
41
absent mindness
when i put down my phone and my mind immediately goes elsewhere so i forget where my phone is
42
transcience
memory storage decay over time
43
blocking
when i smell a scent i have smelled before but i can figure out what it is
44
misattribution (distortion)
confusing the source of something, "source amnesia"
45
suggestibility (distortion)
when misinformation taints the memory, (was there broken glass at the crash?)
46
bias belief (distortion)
if info corresponds with my past belief, it has to be true!
47
persistence
persistence is intrustion persistence is unwanted memories happening over and over again (PTSD)
48
what happens if you don't encode info into long-term memory?
you can't remember it
49
storage decay (encoding failure)
when you try to remember nonsense syllables, EBBINGHAUS FORGETTING CURVE where forgetting is initially rapid, but then it levels out over time
50
retrieval failure
when information cant be accessed from your long-term memory
51
motivated forgetting
when i unknowingly revise my memories
52
repression
when a memory is banished because it was very stressful, A DEFENSE MECHANISM
53
sensory memory
you can remember lots of details but forget overtime, (when i close my eyes i can remember stuff then i forget it fast)
54
misinformation effect
elizabeth loftus's studies where you think something happened that actually didnt
55
belief perseverance
when i believe in something and i refuse to believe the other side even though they give facts, (NOT ME BECAUSE I SEE ALL SIDES TO EVERYTHING, LIBRAAAAAAAA)
56
language
any way of communication
57
phoneme
the smallest distinctive sound of a word BAT = 3 PAPER = 4
58
morphemes
a series of phonemes that carry meaning PAGE = 1 (page) PAGES = 2 (page, s) PREVIEWED = 3 (pre, view, ed)
59
semantics
when you add ed to the end of a word to make it past tense, TIKTOKS
60
syntax
the rules i use to order words into sentences
61
the stages of language development
stage 1) the babbling stage (1) stage 2) the one-word stage (1-2) stage 3) the two-word stage (1-2) stage 4) longer phrases (2)
62
what did noam chomsky believe
he believed that language is inborn because it is so quickly developed
63
what is the surface and deep layer theory
i kicked a ball with my friend - surface the ball was a soccer ball - deep layer
64
what is linguistic determenism?
language determines the way I think
65
what is word power?
someone who already knows 2 languages will be able to learn another easier
66
what is prosocial behavior
positive helpful things you do to help behavior lending a hand sharing comforting
67
what is it called when i get information into my brain?
encode / encoding
68
what is it called when i retain the information i just put into my brain?
storage / storing
69
what is it called when i recall the information that is stored?
retrieve / retrieval
70
working memory
is SHORT TERM MEMORY problem solving, learning, visual, auditory, and spatial
71
what is included in automatic memory
space - i know where a picture is on a book page frequency - this is the 3rd time ive passed you today time - retracing your steps
72
rehearsal
CONSCIOUS repetition of info EBBINGHAUS
73
ebbinghaus says what about remembering
he says that the more time you spend learning, the more you remember.
74
the spacing effect
i remember stuff better when i learn it over a long period of time
75
serial position effect
how my recall is good at the BEGINNING and END of a list, not in the middle
76
recency effect
how i can only recall the things at the end of the list
77
primacy effect
how i can only recall the things at the beginning of the list
78
what are the 3 types of encoding?
semantic encoding - when i understand the meaning of something by tying it to a past memory, understanding the "why" visual encoding - the encoding of picture images, see a picture of black lungs from smoking acoustic encoding - enoding of sound, remembering things better when they are said out loud
79
****elaborative rehearsal
when you use mnemonics to enhance recall
80
proactive interference
OLD info blocking NEW info
81
retroactive interference
NEW info blocking OLD info
82
positive transfer
when i knew about WW11 history for LOTF so it made it easier
83
what does long term memory have?
unlimited length!
84
What did Karl Lashley do?
he trained rats to navigate a maze, they stored memory in hippocampus
85
what happens to our neurons when we learn
there are synaptic changes
86
long-term potentiation
strengthens synapses + neural pathways
87
flashbulb memories
clear memories of emotionally siginificant moments where stress was involved
88
episode memory
personally meaningful memory -grandmother dies
89
the method of loci
the grocery list story!!!! where i used my house, a a familiar location, to remember the list
90
chunking
when you take large pieces of info + break it down to remember it, 17761812...
91
what is the 3 stage model of memory
1- sensory memory (we register so much then forget) 2/3 - the rest of processing to long-term memory
92
iconic memory
visual sensory memory, it lasts 1/10 second
93
echoic memory
sound memory, lasts 3-4 seconds
94
explicit memory (long term)
memory i can EXPLAIN I can explain the steps of an equation
95
implicit memory (long term)
memory that it is IMPOSSIBLE for me to explain I just know how to ride a bike
96
left damage of the hippocampus means...
i will have trouble remembering verbal info
97
right damage of the hippocampus means...
i will have trouble remembering visual info
98
anterograde amnesia vs retrograde amnesia
anterograde - i remember the past but i CANNOT form new memories! retrograde - i dont remember the past at all
99
what is infantile amnesia
where you cant remember the first 3 years of your life because you need language to form memory, also the hippocampus develops late
100
what does the cerebellum process
it processes implicit memory
101
mood congruent memory
when i'm sad, i continue to think of sad stuffffffff!!!!!!! no bueno
102

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