Unit 6: Proteins Flashcards
(32 cards)
What food sources provide protein?
Animals: meat, fish, milk
Plants: dried beans, peas, nuts, seeds, some veggies
What makes an amino acid?
- amine group
- acid group (carboxyl)
- hydrogen
- side chain
____ amino acids are AAs that the body CAN’T synthesize, __/20 are considered _____
- essential
- 9
- essential
_____ amino acids are AAs that the body can synthesize, there are __/20.
- non-essential
2. 11
Which AAs are non-essential (5/11)?
A, N, D, E, S
Which AAs are conditionally essential (6/11)?
R, C, Q, G. P, Y
Which AAs are essential (9/20)?
M, I, L, F, H, K, W, T, V
Cysteine can be made from _____, and _____ can be made from phenylalanine
- methionine
2. Tyrosine
T or F: most natural polypeptides can have 50-200 amino acids
True
usually at this point it is considered a protein
What are some factors that can contribute to protein denaturation?
- heat
- pH
- alcohol
- oxidation
- mechanical agitation
What are 8 functions of protein?
- mechanical and structural support
- enzymes
- hormones
- immune function
- fluid balance
- acid-base balance,
- transport
- energy
Proteins are required in the function of biomolecular motors, like _____ in muscles and _____/_____ in neurons
- myosin
- kinesin
- dyenin
What is a sign of protein malnutrition?
-edema, fluid accumulation in tissues
What is a normal blood pH, how does protein balance blood pH?
- pH=7.4
- blood proteins bind acidic/alkaline atoms/molecules
____________ is the removal of a nitrogen group from an amino group.
Oxidative deamination
Where are proteins digested? What structures/elements aid in protein digestion?
- stomach, small intestine
- HCl denatures protein
- Pepsinogen+HCl = pepsin to digest protein (pH 2.5)
- proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, peptidases
Proteins are absorbed into the duodenum and jejunum through ______ and _____
- facilitated diffusion
2. active transport
What’s a potential problem with the active transport of proteins into the CV system?
- Na+ re-entry brings in AA
- too much AA can saturate transporters
- potential to restrict essential AA absorption
Where are amino acids/proteins stored compared to CHO or lipids?
Proteins: everwhere!
CHO: liver, skeletal muscle
Lipids: adipocytes
Provide a very brief description on protein synthesis
- DNa, mRNA, tRNA = new protein
- AA taken up by ribosomes, transcription and translation occur
- process turned on my hormones
What’s the RDA of protein for adults (18+)
- 8g/kg of body mass
- this is period of time when RDA is lowest throughout life: is higher in infants and elderly
When would more protein be needed?
- infection, illness
- surgery, burns
- pregnancy, lactation
Why do athletes need 1.2-1.8g/kg of body mass of protein?
- muscle damaging exercise increases protein turnover
- exercise activates protein synthesis
What can unnecessary protein supplementation/intake cause?
- protein enters urea cycle
- leads to dehydration
- protein can be converted to fat
