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Nutrition > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid

A

The chemical term for fat

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2
Q

Fats

A

A group of organic molecules most of which do not dissolve in water

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3
Q

Lipids include

A

Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols

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4
Q

Lipids contribute… to food

A

Texture, taste, flavor, and aroma

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5
Q

Fats contain Cal/g

A

9

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6
Q

Canadian community health survey

A

Found that Canadian’s fat intake has decreases from 40% to 31%

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7
Q

Intake above 35% if common for

A

The 35-50 year old diet

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8
Q

Soluble fibers lower

A

LDL levels

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9
Q

Soy protein

A

Lowers LDL cholesterol when replacing greater fat containing animal proteins

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10
Q

Plant sterols and stanols

A

Similar structure to cholesterol by inhibit its absorbiton

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11
Q

Nuts are high in

A

Fat, omega 3 fatty acids, and antioxidants

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12
Q

Fatty fish

A

Salmon, mackerel, sardines is high in omega 3 fatty acid

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13
Q

Triglycerides are a

A

Major form a lipids in food and the body

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14
Q

Triglycerides consist of

A

3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

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15
Q

Monoglyceride

A

When only one fatty acid is attached to a glycerol

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16
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Contain some carbons that are not saturated with hydrogens

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17
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids example

A

Omega 3 and 6

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18
Q

Coconut oil

A

A medium chain fatty acid. It is solid at room temperature, but is not as bad as other fats

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19
Q

Most animal fats

A

Are saturated fatty acids

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20
Q

Desired and current ratio of omega 3 and 6

A

1:2, 1:22

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21
Q

Trans fatty acids

A

Created by hydrogenation and are really bad.

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22
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Causes some double bonds to become saturated

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23
Q

Hydrogenated fats can be found in

A

Margarines, vegetable shortening, and shelf stable baking

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24
Q

Trans fatty acids health risk

A

Raise blood cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease

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25
Q

In a diet we want

A

Mono and poly unsaturated fats, some saturated and no trans fat

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26
Q

Phospholipids are

A

Lipids attached to a phosphate group

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27
Q

Phosophoglycerides

A

Are the major class of phospholipids that can act as emulsifiers

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28
Q

Phosphoglycerides form

A

Lipid bilayers in membranes to regulate the movement of things in and out of the cell

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29
Q

Fats travel pattern in the body

A

Small intestine to lymphatic system, to blood stream, to the liver to become lipoprotein compounds

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30
Q

High density lipoproteins

A

Good for us because they find the extra cholesterol and bring it to the liver to be excreted

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31
Q

Cholesterol and membranes

A

A small amount helps the membrane stay fluid

32
Q

Sterols

A

A type of lipid found in plants and animals that do not dissolve in water.

33
Q

Cholesterol

A

A type of sterol that makes up cell membranes

34
Q

Plant sterols

A

Can help reduce cholesterol in the body

35
Q

Cholesterol from animals

A

Excess in the body leads to heart disease

36
Q

Lipoproteins

A

transport particles for water insoluble lipids

37
Q

Lipoproteins creation

A

made from combining water insoluble lipids, phospholipids, and protein

38
Q

Lipoprotein jobs

A

Transport triglycerides, cholesterol, fat soluble vitamins from the small intestine to be stored in the liver

39
Q

Chylomicrons structure

A

A combination of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein

40
Q

Chylomicron job

A

Help to transport long-chain fatty acids into the lymphatic system and into the blood stream without passing through the liver

41
Q

Very low density lipoproteins

A

Triglycerides produced in the liver are incorporated into VLDL

42
Q

Major lipid producing organ in the body

A

The liver

43
Q

VLDL job

A

Transport lipids out of the liver and deliver them to cells in the body

44
Q

What does lipoprotein lapse do

A

It removes triglycerides from VLDL, creating intermediate density lipoproteins

45
Q

IDL’s future

A

2/3 are returned back to the liver and the rest are turned into LDL in the blood

46
Q

LDL contain

A

Less triglyceride and more cholesterol than VLDL

47
Q

LDL job

A

To deliver cholesterol to the cells

48
Q

How to get high levels of LDL

A

If the amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood is higher than what the cells are using

49
Q

High density lipoproteins

A

Transport the extra cholesterol to the liver

50
Q

High HDL in the body

A

Helps prevent cholesterol from depositing in the arteries

51
Q

Most lipids in the body are…

A

Triglycerides stored in adipose tissue

52
Q

Deposits of adipose tissue helps to

A

Define body shape
Provide stored energy
Insulate the body
protect organs from shock

53
Q

Important role of lipids in the body

A

Lubricating surfaces

54
Q

Cholesterol is helpful in the production of

A

Hormones such as estrogen and testosterone

55
Q

Essential fatty acids are important for

A

Growth
Skin integrity
Fertility
Structure and function of cell membranes

56
Q

Omega 6 purpose

A

Brain development, blood clotting and inflammation

57
Q

Omega 3 purpose

A

Suppress inflammation and blood clotting`

58
Q

Eicosanoids

A

Are made from omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. The reduce blood clotting, pressure and immune function

59
Q

Triglyceride metabolism

A

Can be done is glucose is not present. Ketones are made

60
Q

Lipid deficiency symptoms

A

Dry scaly skin, liver abnormalities, poor wound healing, growth failure and impaired hearing and vision

61
Q

2 cause of death

A

Heart failure, accounting for almost 30% of deaths

62
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A disease in which lipids and fibrous material ae deposited in artery walls

63
Q

Atherosclerotic plaque

A

The cholesterol rich material that is deposited in the arteries of individuals with atherosclerosis.

64
Q

Atherosclerotic plaque is made up of

A

Cholesterol, smooth muscle cells, fibrous tissue and calcium

65
Q

Oxidized LDL cholesterol

A

A substance formed when the cholesterol in LDL particles is oxidized by reactive oxygen

66
Q

Scavenger receptors

A

Proteins on the surface of macrophages that bind to oxidized LDL cholesterol and allow it to be taken up by the cell

67
Q

Trans fats are bad because

A

They increase blood levels of LDL and decrease HDL levels

68
Q

When saturated fats are replaced with other fats…

A

LDL levels decrease

69
Q

Egg consumption

A

1 egg per day is good

70
Q

Healthy diets include

A

Fruits, vegetables, legumes, so we get enough B6, B12, folic acid

71
Q

Moderate alcohol consumption is

A

no more that 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks for men

72
Q

Diet for reduced breast cancer risk

A

Mediterranean diet with olive oil as the main fat source

73
Q

Diets associated with colon cancer

A

Processed and red meats

74
Q

Diets associated with reducing colon cancer

A

Omega 3 fatty acids

75
Q

Reduced fat foods

A

Have removed fat, replaced fat, or contains fats than cannot be absorbed

76
Q

Fat substitutes

A

Can be carbohydrate, protein, or fat based and are supposed to mimic the taste and texture.

Nutrition (8 decks)

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