unit 7

Question 1

Small units, or monomers, that make up DNA and have three parts. A phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base.

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

Two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder.

Answer 2

Double Helix

Question 3

Bases of two DNA strands always pair up the same way, thymine (T) always pairs with adenine (A), and cytosine © always pairs up with guanine (G). These pairings occur because of the sizes of the base and the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Answer 3

Base Pairing Rules

Question 4

DNA is copied in the cell

Answer 4

Replication

Question 5

A group of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides together.

Answer 5

DNA Polymerase

Question 6

Information flowers in one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins. It involves three processes (Replication, Transcription and translation).

Answer 6

Centeral Dogma

Question 7

Ribonucleic acid, is a chain of nucleotides.

Answer 7

RNA

Question 8

The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA. During this process, a gene (not an entire chromosome) is transferred into an RNA message.

Answer 8

Transcription

Question 9

Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule and catalyzes transcription. They are very large enzymes composed of many proteins that play a variety of roles in the transcription process.

Answer 9

RNA Polymerase

Question 10

Intermediate message that is translated to form a protein.

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

Forms a part of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories.

Answer 11

rRNA

Question 12

Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein.

Answer 12

tRNA

Question 13

The process that converts, or translates, and m RNA message into a polypeptide.

Answer 13

Translation

Question 14

A three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.

Answer 14

Codon

Question 15

Signal the end of the amino acid chain,

Answer 15

Stop Codon

Question 16

SIgnals the start of translation and the amino acid methionine.

Answer 16

Start Codon

Question 17

a change in the organism’s DNA.

Answer 17

Mutation

Question 18

A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another. That is an incorrect nucleotide put in the place for the correct one.

Answer 18

Point Mutation

Question 19

Involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence. It usually affects a polypeptide much more than it does a substitution.

Answer 19

Frameshift Mutation

Question 20

Agents in the environment that can change DNA. They speed u[ the rate of replication errors and in some cases even break DNA strands. Some occur naturally.

Answer 20

Mutagen

Question 21

Primary function of DNA

Answer 21

To carry genetic information

Question 22

Who discovered/made a model of the double helix structure?

Answer 22

Watson and Crick

Question 23

What are the main functions of DNA polymerase?

Answer 23

To bond the nucleotides together

Question 24

Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed bases directly after a DNA molecule is _____________.

Answer 24

The 2nd step in the replication process.