Unit 9 vocab

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

The process of biological change by which decendants come to defer from their ancestors

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring.

Question 3

Fossil

Answer 3

traces of an organisms that existed in the past.

Question 4

Variation

Answer 4

The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group which it belongs to.

Question 5

Adaption

Answer 5

A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment.

Question 6

Artificial selection

Answer 6

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits. Humans make use of the genetic variation in plants and animals by acting as the selective agent. They decide which traits are favorable and then breed individuals that show them.

Question 7

Herditibility

Answer 7

The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next.

Question 8

Natural selection

Answer 8

A mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more `

Question 9

Fitness

Answer 9

A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment.

Question 10

Fitness

Answer 10

A measure to the ability to survive and produce more offpsring relative to toher members oin a population in a given enviroment.

Question 11

Homologous Structure

Answer 11

Features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions.

Question 12

Analogous Structures

Answer 12

Structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin.

Question 13

Paleontology

Answer 13

The study of fossils or extinct organisms, continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs.

Question 14

Gene Pool

Answer 14

Where genetic variation in a population is stored. The combined alleles of all the individuals in a population.

Question 15

Allele frequency

Answer 15

A measure of how common a certain allele is in the population.

Question 16

Gene flow

Answer 16

he movement of alleles from one population to another. This increases the genetic variation of the receiving population. However the less this occurs, the more genetically different the two populations become. The lack of it increases the chance that the two populations will evolve into different species.

Question 17

Genetic drift

Answer 17

The change in allele frequencies that causes a loss of genetic diversity in a population.

Question 18

Bottleneck effect

Answer 18

A genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of a population

Question 19

Founder effect

Answer 19

A genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area. The gene pool of these populations are larger than others.

Question 20

Sexual selection

Answer 20

Occurs when certain traits increase mating success. There are two types.

Question 21

Specifiation

Answer 21

The rise of two more species from one existing species.

Question 22

Convergent evolution

Answer 22

Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species.

Question 23

Divergent Evolution

Answer 23

When closely related species evolve in different directions and become increasingly different.

Question 24

Coevolution

Answer 24

The process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other.

Question 25

Extinction

Answer 25

The elimination of a species from earth. Often occurs when a species as a whole is unable to adapt to a change in its environment.

Question 26

Endosymbiosis

Answer 26

A relationship in which one organism lives within the body of another and both benefit from teh relationship.

Question 27

Primate:

Answer 27

Category of mammals with flexible hands and feet, forward looking eyes-which allows for excellent three dimensional vision and enlarged brains relative to body size.

Question 28

Hominid:

Answer 28

Walk upright, have long lower limbs, thumbs that oppose-or work against the other four fingers, relatively large brains.

Question 29

Bipedal

Answer 29

Animals that can walk on 2 legs

Question 30

Taxonomy

Answer 30

The science of naming and classifying organisms. Gives scientists a standard wat to refer speicies and organize the diversity of living things.

Question 31

Binomial noemnclature

Answer 31

A system that gives each species a two part scientific name using Latin words.

Question 32

genus

Answer 32

Includes one or more physically similar species that are thought to be closely related.

Question 33

Cladistics

Answer 33

A classification based on common ancestry.

Question 34

Derived character

Answer 34

The traits that can be used to figure out evolutionary relationship among a group of species are those that are shared by some species but are present in others.

Question 35

Derived character

Answer 35

The traits that can be used to figure out evolutionary relationships among a group of species are those that are shared by some species but are not present in others.