unit 7

Question 1

which theory of the universe did Galileo believe in?

Answer 1

heliocentric it’s where the sun is in the middle of the

Question 2

what did Galileo perfect and what did he see with it

Answer 2

the telescope, saw olympus mons and mars, jupiter red dot and moons

Question 3

what force did Galileo’s experiments at piso explore

Answer 3

gravity

Question 4

what were galileo’s conclusion about that force

Answer 4

gravity makes objects fall at the same rate no matter their shape or size

Question 5

when JPL tried those same experiments, what were their results

Answer 5

bowling ball and bouncy ball fell at the same time

Question 6

explain acceleration

Answer 6

the rate of change of velocity per unit of time

Question 7

whose work influences kepler? two scientists

Answer 7

Tycho Brahes, Galileo

Question 8

what could kepler do better than others to help him get the laws of planetary motion

Answer 8

math

Question 9

explain the 1st law of planetary motion

Answer 9

each planets orbit about the sun is an ellipse

Question 10

explain the 2nd law of planetary motion

Answer 10

the imaginary line joining a planet and the sun sweeps equal areas of space during equal areas of space during equal time intervals as the planet orbits

Question 11

explain the 3rd law of planetary motion

Answer 11

the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the orbits semi-major axis

Question 12

explain how keplers 2nd law is influencer by one of galileo’s ideas

Answer 12

copernican system of planets orbiting the sun instead of the earth

Question 13

what is perihelion

Answer 13

the earth is closest to the sun in its orbit

Question 14

what is aphelion

Answer 14

the earth is furthest away from the sun in its orbit

Question 15

what is our average distance from the sun

Answer 15

23 million miles

Question 16

how long is the earths revolution

Answer 16

365.25 days

Question 17

where do all planets, asteroids and moons travel around the sun

Answer 17

heliocentric orbit

Question 18

be able to explain the vectors that keep us in orbit and why they work

Answer 18

gravitational attraction to the sun, a force that acts along the vector from the sun to the planet. the force of gravity cannot change the angular momentum of any planet

Question 19

what is perigee

Answer 19

the moon is closest to the earth in its orbit

Question 20

what is apogee

Answer 20

the moon is furthest from the earth

Question 21

know the layers of the moon

Answer 21

crust, lithosphere, plastic core, liquid core, solid core

Question 22

what is albedo

Answer 22

a materials ability to reflect sunlight

Question 23

know phases of the moon

Answer 23

going clockwise: full moon, waxing gibbous, first quarter, waving crescent, new moon, waning crescent, third quarter, waning gibbous

Question 24

know what a lunar eclipse and solar eclipse is

Answer 24

lunar: moon is shadowed by the earth
solar: moon will cast a shadow on the sun

Question 25

what long does it take the earth to rotate

Answer 25

24 hours

Question 26

what is the axial tilt of the earth

Answer 26

23.5 degrees

Question 27

how fast does the earth spin at the equator, tropics, circles and poles

Answer 27

equator: 100 m/hr tropics: 870 m/hr circles 500 m/hr poles: 0 m/hr

Question 28

what is the elliptical plane always in line with

Answer 28

sun

Question 29

in which direction does the earth spin

Answer 29

counterclockwise

Question 30

the equator is also the same as

Answer 30

latitude 0 degree line

Question 31

what is radiant heat transfer

Answer 31

heat waves are emitted that may be absorbed, reflected or transmitted through a colder body

Question 32

what is conduction heat transfer

Answer 32

when a cool object touches a warm object and heat is transferred to the cool object

Question 33

what is convection heat transfer

Answer 33

heat only nation, works well w/ liquids + gasses

Question 34

what does nature abhor

Answer 34

nature hates a vacuum

Question 35

how does the sun give radiant heat

Answer 35

fusion: 1st element helium, 2nd hydrogen

Question 36

all objects are either what or what

Answer 36

conductors, insulators

Question 37

where does solar radiation hit the earth at 90 degrees during the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox

Answer 37

equator

Question 38

where does solar radiation hit the earth at 90 degrees during the winter solstice

Answer 38

tropic of Capricorn

Question 39

where does solar radiation hit the earth at 90 degrees during hype summer solstice

Answer 39

tropic of cancer

Question 40

where is earths “warm zone”

Answer 40

23.5 degrees north tropic of cancer and to 23.5 degrees south tropic of capricorn

Question 41

what is important about solar radiation hitting the earth at 90 degrees

Answer 41

most intense radiation

Question 42

where are the arctic circle and antarctic circle respectively

Answer 42

arctic: 66.3 degrees north antarctic: 66.3 degrees south

Question 43

in magnetism, what attracts and what repels

Answer 43

opposite poles attract same poles repel

Question 44

what is the dynamo effects

Answer 44

a geophysical theory that explains the origin of the earths main magnetic field in terms of a self-sustaining dynamo

Question 45

when did this start for the earth

Answer 45

3.5 billion yrs ago

Question 46

which pole is positive and which pole is negative

Answer 46

north neg, south pos

Question 47

what is the magnetosphere and what does it do

Answer 47

protects us from the fury of the sun, a great bubble of magnetism

Question 48

what do charges particles trapped in the earths magnetic field create

Answer 48

solar storms