Unit 7 - Adulthood Nutrition (Part 1) Flashcards
Dietary recommendations, supplements and Xenobiotics
List the 4 major nutritional recommendations for adults.
- Increase intake of fruits, vegetables, and other plant foods
- ↓ saturated fats (especially from animal products) and ↑ omega-3 fats
- Replace simple sugars with complex carbohydrates (whole grain)
- Take supplements, if necessary, to avoid deficiencies (especially in pregnancy)
What is a dietary supplement?
Dry powders, pills, or liquid extracts that are taken to promote health but are not in a food form.
ie: multivitamin
What are nutraceuticals? Give an example
Dietary supplements where the active compound(s) are taken at high doses
for their pharmacological effects
Ex: 1000 mg vitamin C vitamins
What are functional foods? Give an example.
- Taken as part of regular meals
- Taken to promote health
- Taken in food form
Ex: Iron fortified cereals
What are probiotics? Give two examples of probiotics as well as a food source of probiotics.
- Probiotics are the beneficial (live) bacteria that are consumed with fermented foods or taken as supplements
- Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
- Yogurt
What are prebiotics? Give an example of a nutrient that is a prebiotic.
Prebiotics are the food components that promote the growth of the beneficial bacteria in the gut
Ex: Dietary fibre and other phytochemicals
T/F: Metabolites produced by the microbiota just affect the large intestine.
False - Metabolites get absorbed into the bloodstream and can be taken up by other cells in the body (may lower risk for other chronic diseases)
List 2 health benefits of dietary fibre (that applies to soluble and insoluble)
- Increases satiety
- Promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine (prebiotic effect)
What is the benefit of insoluble fibre?
- Prevents constipation
- Increases rate of transit through colon
What are some benefits of soluble fibre?
Can lower absorption of glucose and cholesterol
What is a xenobiotic? Provide an example.
Substances foreign to the body (not made by the body).
Ex: Prescription medication
Xenobiotics are modified or metabolized by _________________________.
Cytochrome P-450 enzymes (CYPs)
How does eating a lot of grapefruit cause medications to stay in the body longer than would normally be predicted for a given dose?
Grapefruit contains Naringenin and furanocoumarins, which decrease the activity of CYP 450, which results in the drug not being eliminated from the body.
Why might someone not want to drink tea made from St. John’s wort while taking the birth control pill?
St. John’s wort contains hyperforin which increases the activity of CYP 450. Thus, CYP 450 works faster to remove the oral contraceptive from the body, which means that the woman might unknowingly not be protected against pregnancy.
