Unit 7. Intro to Route Surveys

Question 1

is a survey for the design and construction of linear works, such as roads and pipelines.

Answer 1

ENGINEERING (ROUTE) SURVEYING

Question 2

establish the location of transportation routes such as highways and roads, railways, rapid transit, canals, pipelines, and transmission lines.

Answer 2

ENGINEERING (ROUTE) SURVEYING

Question 3

are information about the elevation of the surface of the Earth.

Answer 3

Topographic data

Question 4

The “shape” or “geometry” of any transportation route.

Answer 4

ALIGNMENT

Question 5

are horizontal tangents (straight roadway sections), circular curves, and spiral transitions.

Answer 5

HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT

Question 6

consists of gradients (straight lines in a vertical plane) and vertical curves typically represented by a profile.

Answer 6

VERTICAL ALIGNMENT

Question 7

A straight-line section of a road or railway alignment.

Answer 7

TANGENT

Question 8

The rate of rise or fall along the length of the road with respect to the horizontal.

Answer 8

GRADIENT

Question 9

A set of points whose horizontal locations and interrelationships have been precisely determined in order to serve as stable references for positioning and correlating map features.

Answer 9

HORIZONTAL CONTROL

Question 10

Determines the elevation above sea level.

Answer 10

VERTICAL CONTROL

Question 11

A situation in which one party utilizes another party’s property in exchange for a fee paid to the property owner in exchange for the right of easement.

Answer 11

EASEMENT

Question 12

ROUTE SURVEY REPRESENTATION (2)

Answer 12

INSTRUMENT SURVEYING
EXPLORATORY SURVEYING

Question 13

is that condition where highway sight distances, as governed by both horizontal and vertical restrictions, are generally long or could be made to be so without construction difficulty or major expense

Answer 13

LEVEL TERRAIN

Question 14

having cross slope varying from 0% to 10%

Answer 14

LEVEL TERRAIN

Question 15

is that condition where the natural slopes consistently rise above and fall below the road or street grade and where occasional steep slopes offer some restriction to normal horizontal and vertical roadway alignment

Answer 15

ROLLING TERRAIN

Question 16

having cross slope varying from 10% to 25%

Answer 16

ROLLING TERRAIN

Question 17

generates steeper grades, causing trucks to reduce speeds below those of passenger cars

Answer 17

ROLLING TERRAIN

Question 18

is that condition where longitudinal and transverse changes in the elevation of the ground with respect to the road or street are abrupt and where benching and side hill excavation are frequently required to obtain horizontal and vertical alignment

Answer 18

MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN

Question 19

having cross slope varying from 25% to 60%

Answer 19

MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN

Question 20

aggravates the situation, resulting in some trucks operating at crawl speeds

Answer 20

MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN

Question 21

determined by dividing a count of the total yearly traffic volume by 365. Units are vehicles per day.

Answer 21

AADT - Annual average daily traffic

Question 22

results from dividing a traffic count obtained during a given time period by the number of days in that time period.

Answer 22

ADT - Average daily traffic

Question 23

A survey that identifies the legal boundaries between public and private lands.

Answer 23

Cadastral Survey

Question 24

The maximum safe speed that can be maintained when conditions permit the design features of the highway to govern.

Answer 24

Design Speed

Question 25

The percentage of the two-way traffic volume traveling in the direction of interest, expressed as a decimal.

Answer 25

D - Directional distribution

Question 26

The two-way traffic volume that is determined by multiplying the ADT by a percentage factor called the K-factor.

Answer 26

DHV - Design hour volume

Question 27

expressed as vehicles per hour.

Answer 27

DDHV - Directional design hour volume

Question 28

The classification of roadways by operational status such as freeway, arterial, collectors and local.

Answer 28

Functional Class

Question 29

The proportion of daily traffic occurring during the peak hour, expressed as a decimal.

Answer 29

K-factor

Question 30

For design purposes, K represents the proportion of AADT occurring during the ___ peak hour of the year.

Answer 30

thirtieth highest

Question 31

A survey of the centerline of a planned or existing highway.

Answer 31

Located Centerline Survey

Question 32

Illustrates features such as roads, buildings, water, fences, vegetation, bridges, railroads.

Answer 32

Planimetric Map

Question 33

Points along a line (usually a survey line) of equal distance designated either in feet or meters. Points at multiples of 100 meters or feet are typically called full stations.

Answer 33

Stations

Question 34

Illustrates elevation with the use of contour lines and spot elevations.

Answer 34

Topographic Map

Question 35

A survey that establishes the configuration of the ground and the location of natural and man-made objects.

Answer 35

Topographic Survey

Question 36

Purpose of preliminary survey (3)

Answer 36

• To survey the various alternative alignments proposed after the reconnaissance and to collect all the necessary physical information and detail of topography, drainage and soil.
• To compare the different proposals in view of the requirements of the good alignment.
• To estimate quantity of earthwork materials and other construction aspect and to work out the cost of the alternate proposals.

Question 37

METHODS OF PRELIMINARY SURVEY (2)

Answer 37

Conventional approach
Modern rapid approach

Question 38

The survey party carries out surveys using the required field equipment, taking measurements, collecting topographical and other data, and carrying out soil surveys.

Answer 38

Conventional approach

Question 39

It is done by aerial survey taking the required aerial photographs for obtaining the necessary topographic and other maps, including details of soil and geology.

Answer 39

Modern rapid approach

Question 40

is the viewable distance required for a driver to see so that he or she can make a complete stop in the event of an unforeseen hazard.

Answer 40

Stopping Sight Distance (SSD)

Question 41

SSD is made up of two components: (1) ___ and (2) ___.

Answer 41

Braking Distance
Perception-Reaction Time

Question 42

is the minimum distance required for the driver to stop a vehicle moving at design speed, without colliding with an obstruction.

Answer 42

Stopping sight distance

Question 43

SSD = ___ distance + ___ distance

Answer 43

Lag
Braking